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Europium
Europium

Fermium
Fermium



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Europium
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Fermium

Europium Fermium Comparison

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Eu
Fm
1.2 Group Number
NANA
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
1.3 Period Number
67
Lithium Metal
2 7
1.4 Block
f block
f block
1.5 Element Family
Lanthanide
Actinide
1.6 CAS Number
74405317440724
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Not Available
1.8 Space Group Number
229.00NA
Plutonium Metal
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
Not Available
  • Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
  • Fermium is synthetically produced metal.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1896
In 1952
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %NA
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.00000005 %~-9999 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %NA
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %NA
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %NA
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
  • It is used in low energy light bulbs.
  • Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
NA
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
NA
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
Unknown
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
NA0.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
822.00 °C1,527.00 °C
Francium Metal
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
1,597.00 °CNA
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Unknown
4.3.3 Luster
Lustrous
Not Defined
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPaNA
Palladium Metal
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
NANA
Thallium Metal
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Eu
Fm
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
3118
Tennessine Metal
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.201.30
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01NA
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
NA1.20
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
NA2.70
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol627.00 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol1,225.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol2,363.00 kJ/mol
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol3,792.00 kJ/mol
Thorium Metal
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron Metal
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper Metal
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr3.20 g/amp-hr
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
2.50 eVNA
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
63100
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2
[Rn] 5f12 7s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Not Known
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
63100
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
89157
Lithium Metal
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
63100
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
180.00 pmNA
Beryllium Metal
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
198.00 pmNA
Beryllium Metal
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm245.00 pm
Zinc Metal
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
151.96 amu257.00 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/molNA
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)NA
Francium Metal
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
458.10 pmNA
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
NA
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm3NA
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3NA
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
120.00 MPaNA
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)NA
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
7.90 GPaNA
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPaNA
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
18.20 GPaNA
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.15NA
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
5.24NA
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Unknown
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Unknown
8.2.2 Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·mNA
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm ΩNA
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/molNA
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)NA
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·KNA
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·KNA
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)NA
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/molNA
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/molNA
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/molNA
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.KNA
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1