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Europium
Europium

Hafnium
Hafnium



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Europium
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Hafnium

Europium Hafnium Comparison

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Eu
Hf
1.2 Group Number
Tennessine Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
4
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Gadolinium Metal
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1.3 Period Number
Uranium Metal
6
Rank: 2 (Overall)
6
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
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1.4 Block
f block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
Roentgenium Met..
7440531
Rank: 34 (Overall)
7440586
Rank: 30 (Overall)
Aluminium Metal
1.7 Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
1.8 Space Group Number
Sodium Metal
229.00
Rank: 1 (Overall)
194.00
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Plutonium Metal
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2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
Not Available
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By-product Zirconium Refining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1896
In 1922
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
Iron Metal
5 * 10-8 %
Rank: 27 (Overall)
7 * 10-8 %
Rank: 25 (Overall)
Thallium Metal
2.4.3 Abundance In Sun
Iron Metal
~0.00000005 %
Rank: 27 (Overall)
~0.0000001 %
Rank: 26 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
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2.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites
Iron Metal
0.00 %
Rank: 43 (Overall)
0.00 %
Rank: 37 (Overall)
Gold Metal
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2.4.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust
Aluminium Metal
0.00 %
Rank: 36 (Overall)
0.00 %
Rank: 31 (Overall)
Radium Metal
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2.4.8 Abundance In Oceans
Sodium Metal
0.00 %
Rank: 42 (Overall)
0.00 %
Rank: 27 (Overall)
Protactinium Metal
2.4.10 Abundance In Humans
Calcium Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Radium Metal
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3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
  • It is used in low energy light bulbs.
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Ammunition Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
27% Lanthanide Series Metals have it !
60% Transition Metals Metals have it !
3.2.3 In Blood
Sodium Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Plutonium Metal
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3.2.5 In Bone
Calcium Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Plutonium Metal
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4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
Tungsten Metal
822.00 °C
Rank: 55 (Overall)
2,150.00 °C
Rank: 10 (Overall)
Francium Metal
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4.2 Boiling Point
Tungsten Metal
1,597.00 °C
Rank: 56 (Overall)
5,400.00 °C
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Flerovium Metal
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4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Gray
4.3.3 Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
Chromium Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
5.50
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
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4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
Osmium Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
1,450.00 MPa
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
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4.4.4 Vickers Hardness
Tungsten Metal
167.00 MPa
Rank: 34 (Overall)
1,520.00 MPa
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Palladium Metal
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4.5 Speed of Sound
Technetium Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
3,010.00 m/s
Rank: 27 (Overall)
Thallium Metal
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4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
Palladium Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury Metal
4.6.3 Reflectivity
Silver Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
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4.7 Allotropes
No Lanthanide Series Metals has it !
6% Transition Metals Metals have it !
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Eu
Hf
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
Palladium Metal
31
Rank: 8 (Overall)
32
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Tennessine Metal
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5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
Gold Metal
1.20
Rank: 39 (Overall)
1.30
Rank: 32 (Overall)
Francium Metal
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5.4.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
Cobalt Metal
1.01
Rank: 22 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium Metal
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5.5.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Gallium Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
1.23
Rank: 25 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
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5.5.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Polonium Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium Metal
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5.6.1 Allen Electronegativity
Berkelium Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
1.16
Rank: 37 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
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5.7 Electropositivity
5.7.1 Pauling Electropositivity
Francium Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
2.70
Rank: 22 (Overall)
Gold Metal
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5.8 Ionization Energies
5.8.1 1st Energy Level
Chromium Metal
547.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 71 (Overall)
658.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 40 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
5.8.2 2nd Energy Level
Chromium Metal
1,085.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 74 (Overall)
1,440.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 44 (Overall)
Ruthenium Metal
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5.8.3 3rd Energy Level
Chromium Metal
2,404.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 51 (Overall)
2,250.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 60 (Overall)
Osmium Metal
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5.8.4 4th Energy Level
Chromium Metal
4,120.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 33 (Overall)
3,216.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 63 (Overall)
Thorium Metal
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5.8.5 5th Energy Level
Chromium Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Dubnium Metal
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5.8.6 6th Energy Level
Chromium Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Seaborgium Metal
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5.8.7 7th Energy level
Chromium Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bohrium Metal
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5.8.8 8th Energy Level
Chromium Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Hassium Metal
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5.8.9 9th Energy Level
Chromium Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium Metal
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5.8.10 10th Energy Level
Chromium Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Strontium Metal
5.8.11 11th Energy Level
Magnesium Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium Metal
5.8.12 12th Energy Level
Magnesium Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
5.8.13 13th Energy Level
Titanium Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
5.8.14 14th Energy Level
Vanadium Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
5.8.15 15th Energy Level
Chromium Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Manganese Metal
5.8.16 16th Energy Level
Manganese Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Iron Metal
5.8.17 17th Energy Level
Iron Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cobalt Metal
5.8.18 18th Energy Level
Cobalt Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nickel Metal
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5.8.19 19th Energy Level
Nickel Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Copper Metal
5.8.20 20th Energy Level
Zinc Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
5.8.21 21st Energy Level
Zinc Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
5.8.22 22nd Energy Level
Copper Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
5.8.23 23rd Energy Level
Copper Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
5.8.24 24th Energy Level
Iron Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
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5.8.25 25th Energy Level
Molybdenum Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
5.8.26 26th Energy Level
Molybdenum Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
5.8.27 27th Energy Level
Molybdenum Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
5.8.28 28th Energy Level
Molybdenum Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
5.8.29 29th Energy Level
Molybdenum Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
5.8.30 30th Energy Level
Molybdenum Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
5.9 Electrochemical Equivalent
Francium Metal
1.89 g/amp-hr
Rank: 33 (Overall)
1.66 g/amp-hr
Rank: 44 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
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5.10 Electron Work Function
Platinum Metal
2.50 eV
Rank: 43 (Overall)
3.90 eV
Rank: 27 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
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5.11 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
Tennessine Metal
63
Rank: 53 (Overall)
72
Rank: 44 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
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6.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
Tennessine Metal
63
Rank: 52 (Overall)
72
Rank: 43 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
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6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
Flerovium Metal
89
Rank: 38 (Overall)
106
Rank: 29 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
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6.4.3 Number of Electrons
Tennessine Metal
63
Rank: 52 (Overall)
72
Rank: 43 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
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6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
Cesium Metal
180.00 pm
Rank: 14 (Overall)
159.00 pm
Rank: 28 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
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6.5.2 Covalent Radius
Francium Metal
198.00 pm
Rank: 13 (Overall)
175.00 pm
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
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6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
Francium Metal
233.00 pm
Rank: 18 (Overall)
200.00 pm
Rank: 28 (Overall)
Zinc Metal
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6.6 Atomic Weight
Tennessine Metal
151.96 amu
Rank: 47 (Overall)
178.49 amu
Rank: 39 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
6.7 Atomic Volume
Cesium Metal
28.90 cm3/mol
Rank: 8 (Overall)
13.60 cm3/mol
Rank: 38 (Overall)
Manganese Metal
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
Platinum Metal
45.60 (-eV)
Rank: 35 (Overall)
81.00 (-eV)
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Francium Metal
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6.10 Lattice Constant
Manganese Metal
458.10 pm
Rank: 17 (Overall)
319.64 pm
Rank: 55 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
Cadmium Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
1.58
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
Hassium Metal
5.26 g/cm3
Rank: 69 (Overall)
13.31 g/cm3
Rank: 26 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
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7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Osmium Metal
5.13 g/cm3
Rank: 47 (Overall)
12.00 g/cm3
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
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7.2 Tensile Strength
Iron Metal
120.00 MPa
Rank: 15 (Overall)
445.00 MPa
Rank: 8 (Overall)
Indium Metal
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7.3 Viscosity
Mercury Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury Metal
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Strontium Metal
19.40 (Pa)
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cerium Metal
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7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Chromium Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 24 (Overall)
Tungsten Metal
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7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
Osmium Metal
7.90 GPa
Rank: 44 (Overall)
30.00 GPa
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Potassium Metal
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7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
Osmium Metal
8.30 GPa
Rank: 46 (Overall)
110.00 GPa
Rank: 15 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
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7.5.3 Young's Modulus
Iridium Metal
18.20 GPa
Rank: 47 (Overall)
78.00 GPa
Rank: 25 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
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7.6 Poisson Ratio
Gallium Metal
0.15
Rank: 34 (Overall)
0.37
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
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7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
Cobalt Metal
5.24
Rank: 55 (Overall)
13.31
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
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8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
Iron Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth Metal
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8.1.4 Susceptibility
Iron Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth Metal
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8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
Mercury Metal
0.90 nΩ·m
Rank: 62 (Overall)
331.00 nΩ·m
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Thallium Metal
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8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
Silver Metal
0.01 106/cm Ω
Rank: 55 (Overall)
0.03 106/cm Ω
Rank: 39 (Overall)
Plutonium Metal
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8.2.4 Electron Affinity
Gold Metal
50.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 21 (Overall)
0.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 40 (Overall)
Mercury Metal
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9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
Lithium Metal
0.18 J/(kg K)
Rank: 33 (Overall)
0.14 J/(kg K)
Rank: 37 (Overall)
Americium Metal
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
Americium Metal
27.66 J/mol·K
Rank: 16 (Overall)
25.73 J/mol·K
Rank: 36 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
Silver Metal
13.90 W/m·K
Rank: 56 (Overall)
23.00 W/m·K
Rank: 41 (Overall)
Neptunium Metal
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9.4 Critical Temperature
Lithium Metal
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Ytterbium Metal
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9.5 Thermal Expansion
Cesium Metal
35.00 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 8 (Overall)
5.90 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 54 (Overall)
Tungsten Metal
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9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
Tungsten Metal
143.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 48 (Overall)
661.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Zinc Metal
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9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
Tungsten Metal
9.21 kJ/mol
Rank: 37 (Overall)
25.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 8 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
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9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
Tungsten Metal
180.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 47 (Overall)
703.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Mercury Metal
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9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
Protactinium Me..
77.80 J/mol.K
Rank: 4 (Overall)
43.60 J/mol.K
Rank: 34 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
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