1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.7 Block
1.8 Element Family
Lanthanide
Post-Transition
1.9 CAS Number
74405317440280
7429905
54386242
2.2 Space Group Name
2.3 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
Not Available
- Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
- Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay
William Crookes
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %5 * 10-9 %
5E-09
0.11
3.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.00000005 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
3.6.1 Abundance In Meteorites
3.7.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.7.4 Abundance In Oceans
3.8.2 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
-
It is used in low energy light bulbs.
- Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
- In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Chemical Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.2.5 In Bone
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
822.00 °C303.50 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C1,457.00 °C
147
5660
5.4 Appearance
5.4.1 Physical State
5.4.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
5.4.3 Luster
5.5 Hardness
5.5.1 Mohs Hardness
6.1.4 Brinell Hardness
6.1.6 Vickers Hardness
6.3 Speed of Sound
6.4 Optical Properties
6.4.1 Refractive Index
6.4.2 Reflectivity
6.5 Allotropes
6.5.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.5.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.5.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.3 Electronegativity
7.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.1.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.2.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.3.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.4.1 Allen Electronegativity
8.6 Electropositivity
8.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.7 Ionization Energies
8.7.1 1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol589.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.8.2 2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol1,971.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.8.3 3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol2,878.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.8.5 4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
8.8.7 5th Energy Level
8.8.8 6th Energy Level
8.9.1 7th Energy level
8.9.2 8th Energy Level
8.9.3 9th Energy Level
8.9.4 10th Energy Level
8.9.5 11th Energy Level
8.9.6 12th Energy Level
8.9.7 13th Energy Level
8.9.8 14th Energy Level
8.9.9 15th Energy Level
8.9.10 16th Energy Level
8.9.11 17th Energy Level
8.9.12 18th Energy Level
8.9.13 19th Energy Level
8.9.14 20th Energy Level
8.9.15 21st Energy Level
8.9.16 22nd Energy Level
8.9.17 23rd Energy Level
8.9.18 24th Energy Level
8.9.19 25th Energy Level
8.9.20 26th Energy Level
8.9.21 27th Energy Level
8.9.22 28th Energy Level
8.9.23 29th Energy Level
8.9.24 30th Energy Level
8.10 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr7.63 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.11 Electron Work Function
8.12 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
9.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
9.3.1 Crystal Lattice
9.4 Atom
9.4.1 Number of Protons
9.4.2 Number of Neutrons
9.4.3 Number of Electrons
9.5 Radius of an Atom
9.5.1 Atomic Radius
180.00 pm170.00 pm
112
265
9.5.2 Covalent Radius
198.00 pm145.00 pm
96
260
9.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm196.00 pm
139
348
9.6 Atomic Weight
151.96 amu204.38 amu
6.94
294
9.7 Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol17.20 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
9.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
9.8.1 Previous Element
9.8.2 Next Element
9.9 Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)9.60 (-eV)
8
392.42
9.10 Lattice Constant
458.10 pm345.66 pm
228.58
891.25
9.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
9.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
10 Mechanical
10.1 Density
10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm311.85 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
10.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm311.22 g/cm3
0.512
20
10.2 Tensile Strength
10.3 Viscosity
10.4 Vapor Pressure
10.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)16.90 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
10.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
10.5 Elasticity properties
10.5.1 Shear Modulus
10.5.2 Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa43.00 GPa
1.6
462
10.5.3 Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa8.00 GPa
1.7
528
10.6 Poisson Ratio
10.7 Other Mechanical Properties
11 Magnetic
11.1 Magnetic Characteristics
11.1.1 Specific Gravity
11.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
11.1.3 Permeability
11.1.4 Susceptibility
11.2 Electrical Properties
11.2.1 Electrical Property
11.2.2 Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m0.18 nΩ·m
0.18
961
11.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.06 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
11.2.4 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol19.20 kJ/mol
0
222.8
12 Thermal
12.1 Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
12.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K26.32 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
12.3 Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K46.10 W/m·K
6.3
429
12.4 Critical Temperature
12.5 Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)29.90 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
12.6 Enthalpy
12.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol162.10 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
12.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol4.27 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
12.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol179.90 kJ/mol
61.5
837
12.7 Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K64.20 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1