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Fermium vs Cobalt

Fermium
Cobalt
Cobalt vs Fermium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fm  
Co  
Group Number
3  
15
9  
9
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440724  
19
7440484  
38
Space Group Name
-  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
  • Fermium is synthetically produced metal.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons  
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Georg Brandt  
Discovery
In 1952  
In 1732  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.06 %  
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3  
18
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.04 p.p.m.  
32
Physical
Melting Point
1,527.00 °C  
26
1,495.00 °C  
29
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
2,870.00 °C  
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa  
28
470.00 MPa  
31
Vickers Hardness
600.00 MPa  
28
1,043.00 MPa  
18
Speed of Sound
2,500.00 m/s  
99+
4,720.00 m/s  
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
59.00 %  
24
67.00 %  
16
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-Cobalt  
β Allotropes
-  
β-Cobalt  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Fm  
Co  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
18  
21
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.88  
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.56  
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.70  
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.88  
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.84  
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.12  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
19
2nd Energy Level
1,225.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,648.00 kJ/mol  
32
3rd Energy Level
2,363.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,232.00 kJ/mol  
22
4th Energy Level
3,792.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
29
5th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
39
7,670.00 kJ/mol  
18
6th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,840.00 kJ/mol  
18
7th Energy level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,440.00 kJ/mol  
11
8th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,230.00 kJ/mol  
12
9th Energy Level
7,040.00 kJ/mol  
33
17,959.00 kJ/mol  
13
10th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26,570.00 kJ/mol  
7
11th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
12th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
10
32,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
13th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
38
36,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
14th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
27
39,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
15th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
38
42,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
49,396.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
52,737.00 kJ/mol  
13
18th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
40
134,810.00 kJ/mol  
1
19th Energy Level
994.80 kJ/mol  
21
145,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
20th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
154,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
21st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
167,400.00 kJ/mol  
4
22nd Energy Level
345.00 kJ/mol  
99+
178,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
23rd Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
189,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
24th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
38
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
25th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
40
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
26th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
39
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
27th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
16
28th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
22
29th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
23
30th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.20 g/amp-hr  
15
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.47 eV  
21
5.00 eV  
9
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
100  
18
22  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f12 7s2  
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Not Known  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Fermium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
100  
18
22  
99+
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
26  
99+
Number of Electrons
100  
18
22  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
147.00 pm  
36
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm  
23
160.00 pm  
32
Van der Waals Radius
245.00 pm  
13
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
257.00 amu  
15
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
18.00 cm3/mol  
99+
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Einsteinium
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Mendelevium
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
95.20 (-eV)  
10
Lattice Constant
350.00 pm  
99+
295.08 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.63  
13
1.26  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
0.10 MPa  
99+
434.00 MPa  
10
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.98 (Pa)  
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
50.00 GPa  
24
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
116.00 GPa  
20
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.32  
12
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.70  
99+
4,500.00  
1
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
7.90 nΩ·m  
99+
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,768.00 K  
32
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
319.20 kJ/mol  
99+
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.30 kJ/mol  
30
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
Standard Molar Entropy
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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