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Fermium vs Francium

Fermium
Francium
Francium vs Fermium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fm  
Fr  
Group Number
3  
15
1  
17
Period Number
7  
7  
Block
f block  
s block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Alkali  
CAS Number
7440724  
19
7440735  
18
Space Group Name
-  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
  • Fermium is synthetically produced metal.
  
  • 223 Francium has the longest half life at 21.8.
  • Francium metal is produced by alpha decay in 227Actinium 227.
  
Sources
Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons  
Formed by Decay Process, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Marguerite Perey  
Discovery
In 1952  
In 1939  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Francium has no known uses as it has a half life of only 22 minutes.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,527.00 °C  
26
27.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
677.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
-  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
0.20  
27
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa  
28
119.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
600.00 MPa  
28
300.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,500.00 m/s  
99+
2,440.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.70  
27
Reflectivity
59.00 %  
24
72.00 %  
11
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Fm  
Fr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
18  
21
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
0.70  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
0.70  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
0.86  
99+
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
0.68  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
0.67  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
3.30  
1
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,225.00 kJ/mol  
99+
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,363.00 kJ/mol  
99+
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,792.00 kJ/mol  
99+
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
39
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,040.00 kJ/mol  
33
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
10
38,000.00 kJ/mol  
23
13th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
38
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
27
380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
38
67,700.00 kJ/mol  
32
16th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
39,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
40
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
994.80 kJ/mol  
21
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
345.00 kJ/mol  
99+
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
38
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
40
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
39
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
677.00 kJ/mol  
31
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.20 g/amp-hr  
15
8.32 g/amp-hr  
1
Electron Work Function
4.47 eV  
21
4.07 eV  
33
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
100  
18
87  
31
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f12 7s2  
[Rn] 7s1  
Crystal Structure
Not Known  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Fermium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
100  
18
87  
31
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
136  
18
Number of Electrons
100  
18
87  
31
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
348.00 pm  
1
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm  
23
260.00 pm  
1
Van der Waals Radius
245.00 pm  
13
348.00 pm  
1
Atomic Weight
257.00 amu  
15
223.00 amu  
27
Atomic Volume
18.00 cm3/mol  
99+
71.00 cm3/mol  
2
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Einsteinium
  
Polonium
  
Next Element
Mendelevium
  
Radium
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
8.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
350.00 pm  
99+
440.00 pm  
21
Lattice Angles
-  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.63  
13
1.56  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
1.87 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
1.87 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
0.10 MPa  
99+
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
3.60 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
50.00 GPa  
24
6.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.70  
99+
0.87  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
13
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
7.90 nΩ·m  
99+
3.00 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.03 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.15 J/(kg K)  
37
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
15.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
300.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
319.20 kJ/mol  
99+
67.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.30 kJ/mol  
30
2.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
71.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
42.00 J/mol.K  
99+
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