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Francium vs Fermium

Francium
Fermium
Fermium vs Francium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fr  
Fm  
Group Number
1  
17
3  
15
Period Number
7  
7  
Block
s block  
f block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440735  
18
7440724  
19
Space Group Name
-  
-  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • 223 Francium has the longest half life at 21.8.
  • Francium metal is produced by alpha decay in 227Actinium 227.
  
  • Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
  • Fermium is synthetically produced metal.
  
Sources
Formed by Decay Process, Mining  
Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Marguerite Perey  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1939  
In 1952  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Francium has no known uses as it has a half life of only 22 minutes.
  
  • Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
27.00 °C  
99+
1,527.00 °C  
26
Boiling Point
677.00 °C  
99+
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
-  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.20  
27
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
119.00 MPa  
99+
500.00 MPa  
28
Vickers Hardness
300.00 MPa  
99+
600.00 MPa  
28
Speed of Sound
2,440.00 m/s  
99+
2,500.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.70  
27
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
72.00 %  
11
59.00 %  
24
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Fr  
Fm  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
18  
21
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.70  
99+
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.70  
99+
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.86  
99+
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.68  
99+
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
0.67  
99+
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.30  
1
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,225.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2,363.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3,792.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
39
6th Energy Level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,040.00 kJ/mol  
33
10th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
38,000.00 kJ/mol  
23
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
10
13th Energy Level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
38
14th Energy Level
380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
27
15th Energy Level
67,700.00 kJ/mol  
32
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
38
16th Energy Level
39,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
17th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
40
19th Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
994.80 kJ/mol  
21
20th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
345.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
24th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
38
25th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.00 kJ/mol  
40
26th Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
39
27th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
677.00 kJ/mol  
31
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
8.32 g/amp-hr  
1
3.20 g/amp-hr  
15
Electron Work Function
4.07 eV  
33
4.47 eV  
21
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
87  
31
100  
18
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s1  
[Rn] 5f12 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Not Known  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Fermium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
87  
31
100  
18
Number of Neutrons
136  
18
157  
8
Number of Electrons
87  
31
100  
18
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
348.00 pm  
1
180.00 pm  
16
Covalent Radius
260.00 pm  
1
180.00 pm  
23
Van der Waals Radius
348.00 pm  
1
245.00 pm  
13
Atomic Weight
223.00 amu  
27
257.00 amu  
15
Atomic Volume
71.00 cm3/mol  
2
18.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Polonium
  
Einsteinium
  
Next Element
Radium
  
Mendelevium
  
Valence Electron Potential
8.00 (-eV)  
99+
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
440.00 pm  
21
350.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.63  
13
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.87 g/cm3  
99+
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.87 g/cm3  
99+
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
0.10 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
3.60 GPa  
99+
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
6.00 GPa  
99+
50.00 GPa  
24
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
0.35  
9
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.87  
99+
9.70  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
16
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
3.00 nΩ·m  
99+
7.90 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.70 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)  
37
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
15.00 W/m·K  
99+
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
300.00 K  
99+
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
67.00 kJ/mol  
99+
319.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.30 kJ/mol  
99+
13.30 kJ/mol  
30
Enthalpy of Atomization
71.00 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
42.00 J/mol.K  
99+
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
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