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Fermium vs Nickel

Fermium
Nickel
Nickel vs Fermium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fm  
Ni  
Group Number
3  
15
10  
8
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440724  
19
7440020  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
  • Fermium is synthetically produced metal.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
Sources
Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt  
Discovery
In 1952  
In 1751  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
35
0.01 %  
5
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.01 %  
3
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
1.30 %  
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
15
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3  
17
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
Physical
Melting Point
1,527.00 °C  
26
1,453.00 °C  
31
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
2,732.00 °C  
40
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Silver  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa  
28
667.00 MPa  
20
Vickers Hardness
600.00 MPa  
28
638.00 MPa  
24
Speed of Sound
2,500.00 m/s  
99+
4,900.00 m/s  
16
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.68  
28
Reflectivity
59.00 %  
24
72.00 %  
11
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Fm  
Ni  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
18  
21
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.91  
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.94  
12
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.75  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.91  
12
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.88  
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.09  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
25
2nd Energy Level
1,225.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,753.00 kJ/mol  
26
3rd Energy Level
2,363.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,395.00 kJ/mol  
17
4th Energy Level
3,792.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,300.00 kJ/mol  
24
5th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
39
7,339.00 kJ/mol  
23
6th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
15
7th Energy level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,800.00 kJ/mol  
10
8th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
9th Energy Level
7,040.00 kJ/mol  
33
18,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
10th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21,670.00 kJ/mol  
14
11th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30,970.00 kJ/mol  
7
12th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
10
34,000.00 kJ/mol  
29
13th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
38
37,100.00 kJ/mol  
7
14th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
27
41,500.00 kJ/mol  
8
15th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
38
44,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
48,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
55,101.00 kJ/mol  
11
18th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
40
58,570.00 kJ/mol  
12
19th Energy Level
994.80 kJ/mol  
21
148,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
20th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
159,000.00 kJ/mol  
3
21st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
169,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
22nd Energy Level
345.00 kJ/mol  
99+
182,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
23rd Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
194,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
24th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
38
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
25th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
40
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
26th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
39
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
27th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
20
28th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
26
29th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
27
30th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
737.00 kJ/mol  
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.20 g/amp-hr  
15
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.47 eV  
21
5.15 eV  
6
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
100  
18
28  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f12 7s2  
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Not Known  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Fermium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
100  
18
28  
99+
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
31  
99+
Number of Electrons
100  
18
28  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
124.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm  
23
124.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
245.00 pm  
13
163.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
257.00 amu  
15
58.69 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
18.00 cm3/mol  
99+
6.59 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Einsteinium
  
Cobalt
  
Next Element
Mendelevium
  
Copper
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
42.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
350.00 pm  
99+
352.40 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.63  
13
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
8.91 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
7.81 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
0.10 MPa  
99+
345.00 MPa  
13
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
8
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
33
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
19.50 (Pa)  
6
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
76.00 GPa  
12
Bulk Modulus
50.00 GPa  
24
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
200.00 GPa  
12
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.70  
99+
8.90  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
2
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
600.00  
2
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
7.90 nΩ·m  
99+
69.30 nΩ·m  
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω  
14
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
112.00 kJ/mol  
7
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
26.07 J/mol·K  
39
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
90.90 W/m·K  
18
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,728.00 K  
35
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
319.20 kJ/mol  
99+
371.80 kJ/mol  
29
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.30 kJ/mol  
30
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
422.60 kJ/mol  
22
Standard Molar Entropy
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
29.90 J/mol.K  
99+
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