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Fermium vs Niobium

Fermium
Niobium
Niobium vs Fermium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fm   
Nb   
Group Number
Not Available   
5   
13
Period Number
7   
5   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440724   
19
7440031   
99+
Space Group Name
Not Available   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
Not Available   
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
  • Fermium is synthetically produced metal.
  
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
Sources
Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons   
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Charles Hatchett   
Discovery
In 1952   
In 1801   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000004 %   
23
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
35
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
25
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
34
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
25
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.07 p.p.m.   
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,527.00 °C   
26
2,468.00 °C   
6
Boiling Point
Not Available   
2,468.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Unknown   
Gray   
Luster
Not Defined   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
735.00 MPa   
14
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
870.00 MPa   
12
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,480.00 m/s   
21
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Fm   
Nb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
18   
21
17   
22
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.60   
23
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.42   
16
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.23   
25
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.41   
31
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.40   
31
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol   
99+
652.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,225.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,380.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,363.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,416.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,792.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,700.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,877.00 kJ/mol   
36
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,847.00 kJ/mol   
11
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,100.00 kJ/mol   
14
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.20 g/amp-hr   
13
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.30 eV   
18
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
100   
18
41   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f12 7s2   
[Kr] 4d4 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Not Known   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Fermium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
100   
18
41   
99+
Number of Neutrons
157   
7
52   
99+
Number of Electrons
100   
18
41   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
Not Available   
146.00 pm   
35
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
164.00 pm   
28
Van der Waals Radius
245.00 pm   
9
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
257.00 amu   
15
92.91 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
10.87 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Einsteinium
  
Zirconium
  
Next Element
Mendelevium
  
Molybdenum
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
104.00 (-eV)   
8
Lattice Constant
Not Available   
330.04 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
Not Available   
8.57 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
330.00 MPa   
12
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
27
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
38.00 GPa   
19
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
170.00 GPa   
10
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
105.00 GPa   
20
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.40   
4
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
Not Available   
8.57   
37
Magnetic Ordering
Unknown   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Conductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
152.00 nΩ·m   
23
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.07 106/cm Ω   
28
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
86.10 kJ/mol   
12
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.26 J/(kg K)   
20
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
24.60 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
53.70 W/m·K   
29
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
7.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
696.60 kJ/mol   
4
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
27.20 kJ/mol   
6
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
745.00 kJ/mol   
4
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
36.40 J/mol.K   
99+
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