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Gold Californium Comparison

Gold
Californium
Californium Gold comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Au   
Cf   
Group Number
11   
7
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
d block   
f block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440575   
31
7440713   
20
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals   
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE   
In 1950   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
21
Not Available   
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
18
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
35
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.   
30
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C   
99+
900.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C   
36
1,470.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gold   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa   
99+
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa   
31
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
95.00 %   
2
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Au   
Cf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
20   
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54   
1
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.20   
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87   
7
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.92   
5
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46   
99+
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV   
4
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
79   
37
98   
20
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79   
37
98   
20
Number of Neutrons
118   
23
153   
9
Number of Electrons
79   
37
98   
20
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
186.00 pm   
9
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm   
40
Not Available   
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm   
39
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu   
33
251.00 amu   
17
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Berkelium
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Einsteinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
44.50 (-eV)   
38
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm   
21
338.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61   
4
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3   
15
15.10 g/cm3   
21
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3   
6
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa   
15
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)   
4
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa   
27
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa   
9
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa   
24
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.40   
4
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Malleable, Sectile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32   
8
15.10   
13
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Unknown   
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Not Available   
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K   
3
Not Available   
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
Not Available   
Summary >>
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