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Hafnium vs Tin

Hafnium
Tin
Tin vs Hafnium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hf  
Sn  
Group Number
4  
14
14  
4
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440586  
30
7440315  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
I41/amd  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
141.00  
10
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
Sources
By-product Zirconium Refining  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy  
-  
Discovery
In 1922  
Before 3500 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
37
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
31
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
14
0.00 %  
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
1.40 p.p.m.  
17
Physical
Melting Point
2,150.00 °C  
10
231.90 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
5,400.00 °C  
5
2,270.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
1,450.00 MPa  
6
50.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,520.00 MPa  
10
50.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,010.00 m/s  
39
2,730.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.00  
15
2.40  
7
Reflectivity
71.00 %  
12
51.00 %  
30
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
β Allotropes
-  
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
γ Allotropes
-  
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Hf  
Sn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32  
7
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.96  
9
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.49  
19
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23  
26
1.72  
5
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.21  
5
Allen Electronegativity
1.16  
99+
1.82  
14
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.04  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
40
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
2nd Energy Level
1,440.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,250.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
4th Energy Level
3,216.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
33
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
21
6th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
39
8th Energy Level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
35
9th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
38
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
32
10th Energy Level
6,590.00 kJ/mol  
40
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
36
11th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
40
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
34
12th Energy Level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
35
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
31
14th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
65,800.00 kJ/mol  
34
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
27
16th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
17th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
36
7,086.00 kJ/mol  
33
19th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
39
20th Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
37
708.00 kJ/mol  
33
21st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
31
708.00 kJ/mol  
27
23rd Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
31
708.60 kJ/mol  
26
25th Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
33
708.60 kJ/mol  
28
26th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
32
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
27th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
33
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
28th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
38
708.60 kJ/mol  
32
29th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
39
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
30th Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
35
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.66 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.90 eV  
36
4.42 eV  
22
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
72  
99+
50  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2  
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
72  
99+
50  
99+
Number of Neutrons
106  
30
69  
99+
Number of Electrons
72  
99+
50  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm  
30
140.00 pm  
40
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
25
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
217.00 pm  
29
Atomic Weight
178.49 amu  
39
118.71 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
13.60 cm3/mol  
99+
16.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lutetium
  
Indium
  
Next Element
Tantalum
  
Cesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
81.00 (-eV)  
16
83.50 (-eV)  
14
Lattice Constant
319.64 pm  
99+
583.18 pm  
7
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
34
0.68  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.31 g/cm3  
27
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.00 g/cm3  
31
6.99 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
445.00 MPa  
9
15.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
28
0.00  
15
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
18
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
25
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
18.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa  
15
58.00 GPa  
21
Young's Modulus
78.00 GPa  
27
50.00 GPa  
39
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.36  
8
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.31  
30
7.31  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
13
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
331.00 nΩ·m  
14
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.09 106/cm Ω  
28
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
107.30 kJ/mol  
9
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
Molar Heat Capacity
25.73 J/mol·K  
99+
27.11 J/mol·K  
26
Thermal Conductivity
23.00 W/m·K  
99+
66.80 W/m·K  
25
Critical Temperature
2,500.00 K  
11
505.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
5.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
21
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
661.10 kJ/mol  
6
290.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.10 kJ/mol  
8
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
703.00 kJ/mol  
5
301.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
43.60 J/mol.K  
99+
51.20 J/mol.K  
40
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