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Hafnium vs Tin

Hafnium
Tin
Tin vs Hafnium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hf   
Sn   
Group Number
4   
14
14   
4
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
d block   
p block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440586   
30
7440315   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
I41/amd   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
141.00   
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
Sources
By-product Zirconium Refining   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1922   
Before 3500 BC   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %   
25
4 * 10-7 %   
20
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.0000009 %   
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
37
0.00 %   
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
31
0.00 %   
34
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
27
0.00 %   
26
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry   
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3   
10
In Bone
Not Available   
1.40 p.p.m.   
16
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,150.00 °C   
10
231.90 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
5,400.00 °C   
5
2,270.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50   
7
1.50   
18
Brinell Hardness
1,450.00 MPa   
6
50.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,520.00 MPa   
5
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
3,010.00 m/s   
27
2,730.00 m/s   
32
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
White Tin (Beta Tin)   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hf   
Sn   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32   
7
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.96   
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.49   
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23   
25
1.72   
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.21   
3
Allen Electronegativity
1.16   
37
1.82   
11
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.04   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol   
40
708.60 kJ/mol   
33
2nd Energy Level
1,440.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,411.80 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,250.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,943.00 kJ/mol   
30
4th Energy Level
3,216.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,930.30 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,456.00 kJ/mol   
13
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.66 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.90 eV   
27
4.42 eV   
16
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
72   
99+
50   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2   
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
72   
99+
50   
99+
Number of Neutrons
106   
29
69   
99+
Number of Electrons
72   
99+
50   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm   
28
140.00 pm   
38
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm   
23
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
217.00 pm   
23
Atomic Weight
178.49 amu   
39
118.71 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
13.60 cm3/mol   
38
16.30 cm3/mol   
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lutetium
  
Indium
  
Next Element
Tantalum
  
Cesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
81.00 (-eV)   
16
83.50 (-eV)   
14
Lattice Constant
319.64 pm   
99+
583.18 pm   
7
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
12
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.31 g/cm3   
26
7.37 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.00 g/cm3   
12
6.99 g/cm3   
34
Tensile Strength
445.00 MPa   
8
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
17
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa   
23
18.00 GPa   
36
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa   
15
58.00 GPa   
20
Young's Modulus
78.00 GPa   
25
50.00 GPa   
36
Poisson Ratio
0.37   
7
0.36   
8
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.31   
18
7.31   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
331.00 nΩ·m   
14
115.00 nΩ·m   
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω   
39
0.09 106/cm Ω   
23
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
107.30 kJ/mol   
8
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)   
37
0.23 J/(kg K)   
28
Molar Heat Capacity
25.73 J/mol·K   
36
27.11 J/mol·K   
20
Thermal Conductivity
23.00 W/m·K   
99+
66.80 W/m·K   
25
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
5.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
22.00 µm/(m·K)   
20
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
661.10 kJ/mol   
5
290.40 kJ/mol   
32
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.10 kJ/mol   
8
7.03 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
703.00 kJ/mol   
5
301.30 kJ/mol   
35
Standard Molar Entropy
43.60 J/mol.K   
34
51.20 J/mol.K   
29
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