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Hassium vs Thorium

Hassium
Thorium
Thorium vs Hassium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hs  
Th  
Group Number
8  
10
0  
18
Period Number
7  
7  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Actinide  
CAS Number
54037579  
11
7440326  
99+
Space Group Name
Not Available  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
Not Available  
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Hassium metals rate of decay is very high.
  • Hassium metals 1st sample was synthesized through a nuclear reaction.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
Sources
Synthetically Produced  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung  
Jöns Jakob Berzelius  
Discovery
In 1984  
In 1829  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available  
3 * 10-4 %  
9
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %  
~0.0004 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available  
0.05 %  
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available  
0.66 %  
7
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Hassium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
NA  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Research Purposes  
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
0.02 p.p.m.  
29
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available  
1,750.00 °C  
17
Boiling Point
Not Available  
4,790.00 °C  
8
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silver  
Luster
NA  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available  
3.00  
12
Brinell Hardness
Not Available  
390.00 MPa  
29
Vickers Hardness
Not Available  
295.00 MPa  
29
Speed of Sound
Not Available  
2,490.00 m/s  
36
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hs  
Th  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
7  
31
28  
11
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.30  
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.11  
29
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available  
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
733.30 kJ/mol  
26
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,756.00 kJ/mol  
24
1,110.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,827.00 kJ/mol  
36
1,978.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,637.50 kJ/mol  
99+
2,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
4,940.00 kJ/mol  
34
Not Available  
6th Energy Level
6,175.10 kJ/mol  
23
Not Available  
7th Energy level
7,535.50 kJ/mol  
21
Not Available  
8th Energy Level
8,857.40 kJ/mol  
20
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
Not Available  
2.16 g/amp-hr  
24
Electron Work Function
Not Available  
3.41 eV  
32
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
108  
10
90  
28
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d6 7s2  
[Rn] 6d2 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
108  
10
90  
28
Number of Neutrons
158  
6
142  
15
Number of Electrons
108  
10
90  
28
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
126.00 pm  
99+
179.80 pm  
15
Covalent Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
206.00 pm  
7
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available  
237.00 pm  
15
Atomic Weight
269.00 amu  
9
232.04 amu  
23
Atomic Volume
Not Available  
19.90 cm3/mol  
20
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Bohrium
  
Actinium
  
Next Element
Meitnerium
  
Protactinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available  
59.30 (-eV)  
23
Lattice Constant
Not Available  
508.42 pm  
14
Lattice Angles
NA  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
40.70 g/cm3  
1
11.72 g/cm3  
32
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available  
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available  
31.00 GPa  
21
Bulk Modulus
Not Available  
54.00 GPa  
22
Young's Modulus
Not Available  
79.00 GPa  
24
Poisson Ratio
Not Available  
0.27  
20
Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown  
Ductile  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
Not Available  
11.70  
23
Magnetic Ordering
Unknown  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
Not Available  
157.00 nΩ·m  
22
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available  
0.07 106/cm Ω  
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available  
0.12 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available  
26.23 J/mol·K  
30
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available  
54.00 W/m·K  
28
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
Not Available  
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
36
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available  
429.00 kJ/mol  
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available  
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available  
468.60 kJ/mol  
15
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available  
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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