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Holmium
Holmium

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Holmium vs Nickel

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Ho
Ni
1.2 Group Number
NA10
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
64
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
f block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74406007440020
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
1.8 Space Group Number
194.00225.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
  • Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Marc Delafontaine
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1878
In 1751
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %6 * 10-3 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.008 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %1.30 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.01 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NA0.00 %
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
  • Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Low Toxic
Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
NA0.05 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
NA0.70 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,461.00 °C1,453.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
2,600.00 °C2,732.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Silver
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
Metallic
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
NA4.00
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
746.00 MPa667.00 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
481.00 MPa638.00 MPa
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s4,900.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NA72.00 %
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Ho
Ni
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
3425
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.231.91
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
NA1.94
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.101.75
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
NA1.88
Cesium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.772.09
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol737.10 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,140.00 kJ/mol1,753.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,204.00 kJ/mol3,395.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
4,100.00 kJ/mol5,300.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NA7,339.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NA10,400.00 kJ/mol
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NA12,800.00 kJ/mol
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NA15,600.00 kJ/mol
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NA18,600.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NA21,670.00 kJ/mol
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NA30,970.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NA34,000.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NA37,100.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NA41,500.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NA44,800.00 kJ/mol
Manganese
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NA48,100.00 kJ/mol
Iron
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NA55,101.00 kJ/mol
Cobalt
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NA58,570.00 kJ/mol
Copper
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NA148,700.00 kJ/mol
Copper
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NA159,000.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NA169,400.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NA182,700.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NA194,000.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.02 g/amp-hr1.10 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
NA5.15 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
6728
Lithium
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f11 6s2
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1
6.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
6728
Lithium
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
9831
Lithium
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
6728
Lithium
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
176.00 pm124.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
192.00 pm124.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm163.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
164.93 amu58.69 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
18.70 cm3/mol6.59 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
47.90 (-eV)42.00 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
357.73 pm352.40 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57NA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.79 g/cm38.91 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.34 g/cm37.81 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NA345.00 MPa
Indium
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NA19.50 (Pa)
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
26.30 GPa76.00 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
40.20 GPa180.00 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
64.80 GPa200.00 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.230.31
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile
Ductile
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.808.90
Lithium
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NA0.00 H/m
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NA600.00
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
814.00 nΩ·m69.30 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.14 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol112.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)0.44 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.15 J/mol·K26.07 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
16.20 W/m·K90.90 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
11.20 µm/(m·K)13.40 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
241.00 kJ/mol371.80 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
11.76 kJ/mol17.57 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol422.60 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
75.30 J/mol.K29.90 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1