1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.4 Group Number
1.6 Period Number
1.7 Block
1.8 Element Family
Lanthanide
Post-Transition
1.9 CAS Number
74406007440086
7429905
54386242
2.2 Space Group Name
2.3 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
- Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of metals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Marc Delafontaine
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3.5.1 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
3.6.1 Abundance In Meteorites
3.7.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.7.4 Abundance In Oceans
3.8.2 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
-
Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research
Alloys
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.2.5 In Bone
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,461.00 °C254.00 °C
27
3410
5.3 Boiling Point
2,600.00 °C962.00 °C
147
5660
6.2 Appearance
6.2.1 Physical State
6.2.2 Color
6.2.3 Luster
6.3 Hardness
6.3.1 Mohs Hardness
6.3.3 Brinell Hardness
6.4.3 Vickers Hardness
6.5 Speed of Sound
6.6 Optical Properties
6.6.1 Refractive Index
6.6.2 Reflectivity
7.2 Allotropes
7.2.1 α Allotropes
7.2.2 β Allotropes
7.2.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.4 Electronegativity
8.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.5.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.6.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.7.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.7.2 Allen Electronegativity
8.9 Electropositivity
8.9.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.10 Ionization Energies
8.10.1 1st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.10.3 2nd Energy Level
1,140.00 kJ/molNA
710.2162
28750
8.10.4 3rd Energy Level
2,204.00 kJ/molNA
1600
34230
8.11.1 4th Energy Level
4,100.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
8.11.2 5th Energy Level
8.11.3 6th Energy Level
8.11.4 7th Energy level
8.11.5 8th Energy Level
8.11.6 9th Energy Level
8.11.7 10th Energy Level
8.11.8 11th Energy Level
8.11.9 12th Energy Level
8.11.10 13th Energy Level
8.11.11 14th Energy Level
8.11.12 15th Energy Level
8.11.13 16th Energy Level
8.11.14 17th Energy Level
8.11.15 18th Energy Level
8.11.16 19th Energy Level
8.11.17 20th Energy Level
8.11.18 21st Energy Level
8.11.19 22nd Energy Level
8.11.20 23rd Energy Level
8.11.21 24th Energy Level
8.11.22 25th Energy Level
8.11.23 26th Energy Level
8.11.24 27th Energy Level
8.11.25 28th Energy Level
8.11.26 29th Energy Level
8.11.27 30th Energy Level
8.12 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.02 g/amp-hr3.90 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.13 Electron Work Function
8.14 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f11 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
9.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Monoclinic (MON)
9.3.1 Crystal Lattice
9.4 Atom
9.4.1 Number of Protons
9.4.2 Number of Neutrons
9.4.3 Number of Electrons
9.5 Radius of an Atom
9.5.1 Atomic Radius
176.00 pm168.00 pm
112
265
9.5.2 Covalent Radius
192.00 pm140.00 pm
96
260
9.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm197.00 pm
139
348
9.6 Atomic Weight
164.93 amu209.00 amu
6.94
294
9.7 Atomic Volume
18.70 cm3/mol22.23 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
9.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
9.8.1 Previous Element
9.8.2 Next Element
9.9 Valence Electron Potential
9.10 Lattice Constant
357.73 pm335.90 pm
228.58
891.25
9.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
9.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
10 Mechanical
10.1 Density
10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.79 g/cm39.20 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
10.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.34 g/cm39.40 g/cm3
0.512
20
10.2 Tensile Strength
10.3 Viscosity
10.4 Vapor Pressure
10.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
10.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
10.5 Elasticity properties
10.5.1 Shear Modulus
10.5.2 Bulk Modulus
10.5.3 Young's Modulus
10.6 Poisson Ratio
10.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile
NA
11 Magnetic
11.1 Magnetic Characteristics
11.1.1 Specific Gravity
11.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
11.1.3 Permeability
11.1.4 Susceptibility
11.2 Electrical Properties
11.2.1 Electrical Property
11.2.2 Resistivity
814.00 nΩ·m0.40 nΩ·m
0.18
961
11.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
11.2.4 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol183.30 kJ/mol
0
222.8
12 Thermal
12.1 Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)0.12 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
12.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.15 J/mol·K26.40 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
12.3 Thermal Conductivity
16.20 W/m·K20.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
12.4 Critical Temperature
12.5 Thermal Expansion
11.20 µm/(m·K)23.50 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
12.6 Enthalpy
12.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
241.00 kJ/mol60.30 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
12.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
11.76 kJ/mol13.00 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
12.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol134.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
12.7 Standard Molar Entropy
75.30 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1