Indium Berkelium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
In
Bk
Group Number
13
5
Not Available
Period Number
5
7
Block
p block
f block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Actinide
CAS Number
7440746
17
7440406
99+
Space Group Name
I4/mmm
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
139.00
8
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
- Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
- X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
- Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.
History
Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Discovery
In 1863
In 1949
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-8 %
28
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %
23
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
- Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
- This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry
NA
Medical Uses
Medical Research
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Unknown
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
Not Available
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
156.61 °C
99+
986.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C
99+
2,627.00 °C
40
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silver
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.20
20
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa
99+
Not Available
Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s
99+
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
In
Bk
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
14
25
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.78
16
1.30
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.14
8
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.49
13
1.20
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.76
10
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.66
18
2.70
1
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.22
38
2.70
22
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol
99+
601.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol
18
1,186.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol
39
2,152.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol
17
3,434.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr
99+
3.07 g/amp-hr
16
Electron Work Function
4.12 eV
24
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
49
99+
97
21
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
[Rn] 5f9 7s2
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
49
99+
97
21
Number of Neutrons
66
99+
150
11
Number of Electrons
49
99+
97
21
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
167.00 pm
24
170.00 pm
22
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm
99+
Not Available
Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pm
31
Not Available
Atomic Weight
114.82 amu
99+
247.00 amu
18
Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol
33
Not Available
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)
25
45.50 (-eV)
36
Lattice Constant
325.23 pm
99+
341.60 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm3
99+
14.78 g/cm3
22
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm3
33
13.25 g/cm3
11
Tensile Strength
2.50 MPa
21
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)
11
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa
99+
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.31
99+
14.00
14
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m
34
Not Available
Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω
17
Not Available
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol
31
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
27
Not Available
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K
25
Not Available
Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K
21
10.00 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)
9
Not Available
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol
40
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K
22
Not Available
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