Indium Cadmium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
In
Cd
Group Number
13
5
12
6
Period Number
5
5
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440746
17
7440439
99+
Space Group Name
I4/mmm
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
139.00
8
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
- Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
- Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
- Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
- It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
- It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
Discovery
In 1863
In 1817
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-8 %
28
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %
23
~0.0000006 %
21
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
31
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
28
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
11
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
- Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
- It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
- Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Medical Research
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
24
In Bone
Not Available
1.80 p.p.m.
15
Physical Properties
Melting Point
156.61 °C
99+
320.90 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C
99+
765.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.20
20
2.00
16
Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa
99+
203.00 MPa
39
Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s
99+
2,310.00 m/s
39
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
67.00 %
11
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
In
Cd
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
34
5
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.78
16
1.69
17
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.14
8
1.98
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.49
13
1.46
15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.76
10
1.53
13
Allen Electronegativity
1.66
18
1.52
27
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.22
38
2.31
37
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol
99+
867.80 kJ/mol
11
2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol
18
1,631.40 kJ/mol
32
3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol
39
3,616.00 kJ/mol
13
4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol
17
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr
27
Electron Work Function
4.12 eV
24
4.22 eV
22
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
49
99+
48
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
49
99+
48
99+
Number of Neutrons
66
99+
64
99+
Number of Electrons
49
99+
48
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
167.00 pm
24
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm
99+
144.00 pm
40
Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pm
31
158.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
114.82 amu
99+
112.41 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol
33
13.10 cm3/mol
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)
25
30.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
325.23 pm
99+
297.94 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.89
1
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm3
99+
8.65 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm3
33
8.00 g/cm3
28
Tensile Strength
2.50 MPa
21
62.00 MPa
16
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)
11
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
19.00 GPa
35
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
42.00 GPa
29
Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa
99+
50.00 GPa
36
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.30
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.31
99+
8.65
36
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m
34
72.70 nΩ·m
36
Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω
17
0.14 106/cm Ω
15
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol
31
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
27
0.23 J/(kg K)
26
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K
25
26.02 J/mol·K
32
Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K
21
96.60 W/m·K
16
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)
9
30.80 µm/(m·K)
10
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol
40
100.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol
99+
6.19 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol
99+
113.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K
22
51.80 J/mol.K
27
|
||
|
||
|
