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Indium vs Rutherfordium

Indium
Rutherfordium
Rutherfordium vs Indium


Periodic Table
Symbol
In  
Rf  
Group Number
13  
5
4  
14
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440746  
17
53850365  
13
Space Group Name
I4/mmm  
-  
Space Group Number
139.00  
11
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
  
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Discovery
In 1863  
In 1964  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
29
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
16
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
  
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Medical Research  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors  
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
156.61 °C  
99+
2,100.00 °C  
11
Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C  
99+
5,500.00 °C  
3
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
-  
Luster
Lustrous  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20  
21
-  
Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa  
99+
1,300.00 MPa  
9
Vickers Hardness
0.01 MPa  
99+
550.00 MPa  
31
Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s  
99+
6,100.00 m/s  
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
3.41  
1
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
83.00 %  
6
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
In  
Rf  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
13  
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.78  
17
0.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.14  
9
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.49  
14
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.76  
18
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.66  
21
0.90  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.22  
38
2.20  
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol  
19
1,389.40 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol  
40
2,296.40 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol  
26
3,077.90 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,790.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11,600.00 kJ/mol  
7
7th Energy level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
55,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
22nd Energy Level
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
579.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
5,581.00 kJ/mol  
24
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
24th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
579.10 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
14
29th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
580.60 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
4.12 eV  
31
6.00 eV  
1
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
49  
99+
104  
14
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1  
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
49  
99+
104  
14
Number of Neutrons
66  
99+
157  
8
Number of Electrons
49  
99+
104  
14
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
167.00 pm  
26
150.00 pm  
35
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm  
99+
157.00 pm  
33
Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pm  
38
250.00 pm  
10
Atomic Weight
114.82 amu  
99+
267.00 amu  
11
Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol  
99+
23.20 cm3/mol  
15
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cadmium
  
Lawrencium
  
Next Element
Tin
  
Dubnium
  
Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)  
26
6.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
325.23 pm  
99+
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.60  
22
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm3  
99+
23.20 g/cm3  
8
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm3  
99+
23.20 g/cm3  
9
Tensile Strength
2.50 MPa  
99+
23.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)  
11
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa  
99+
23.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
46.90 GPa  
27
0.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa  
99+
12.80 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31  
99+
23.00  
10
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
34
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m  
34
0.29 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω  
20
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol  
37
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
27
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K  
32
23.20 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K  
21
0.23 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
429.75 K  
99+
2,400.00 K  
12
Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)  
9
23.20 µm/(m·K)  
17
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K  
27
57.60 J/mol.K  
28
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