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Indium vs Seaborgium

Indium
Seaborgium
Seaborgium vs Indium


Periodic Table
Symbol
In  
Sg  
Group Number
13  
5
6  
12
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440746  
17
54038812  
9
Space Group Name
I4/mmm  
-  
Space Group Number
139.00  
11
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
  
  • Seaborgium most stable isotope is Sg and it has 2.1 min of half- life.
  • And other isotopes of Seaborgium have half-lives as short as 3 ms.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1863  
In 1974  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
29
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
16
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
  
  • Currently known uses of Seaborgium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Medical Research  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
27
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
156.61 °C  
99+
-  
Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C  
99+
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
-  
Luster
Lustrous  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20  
21
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa  
99+
400.00 MPa  
34
Vickers Hardness
0.01 MPa  
99+
520.00 MPa  
33
Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s  
99+
3,200.00 m/s  
35
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
3.41  
1
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
83.00 %  
6
68.00 %  
15
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
In  
Sg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
9  
29
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.78  
17
0.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.14  
9
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.49  
14
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.76  
18
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.66  
21
1.90  
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.22  
38
2.20  
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
757.40 kJ/mol  
21
2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol  
19
1,732.90 kJ/mol  
29
3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol  
40
2,483.50 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol  
26
3,415.60 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,561.80 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,715.80 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,710.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,600.00 kJ/mol  
39
12th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
971.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
55,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
54,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
17th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
579.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
22nd Energy Level
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
5,581.00 kJ/mol  
24
5,790.00 kJ/mol  
22
24th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
971.00 kJ/mol  
4
25th Energy Level
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
579.10 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
28th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
29th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
761.90 kJ/mol  
21
30th Energy Level
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.20 g/amp-hr  
14
Electron Work Function
4.12 eV  
31
6.00 eV  
1
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
-  
Atomic
Atomic Number
49  
99+
106  
12
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1  
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
49  
99+
106  
12
Number of Neutrons
66  
99+
157  
8
Number of Electrons
49  
99+
106  
12
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
167.00 pm  
26
132.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm  
99+
143.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pm  
38
230.00 pm  
24
Atomic Weight
114.82 amu  
99+
269.00 amu  
9
Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol  
99+
35.00 cm3/mol  
8
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cadmium
  
Dubnium
  
Next Element
Tin
  
Bohrium
  
Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)  
26
6.10 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
325.23 pm  
99+
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.36  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm3  
99+
35.00 g/cm3  
4
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm3  
99+
35.00 g/cm3  
4
Tensile Strength
2.50 MPa  
99+
30.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)  
11
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa  
99+
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
46.90 GPa  
27
0.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa  
99+
12.60 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31  
99+
35.00  
6
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
7
Susceptibility
0.00  
34
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m  
34
0.38 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω  
20
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol  
37
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
27
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K  
32
35.00 J/mol·K  
5
Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K  
21
0.14 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
429.75 K  
99+
1,200.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)  
9
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol  
99+
585.00 kJ/mol  
10
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol  
99+
650.00 kJ/mol  
8
Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K  
27
42.70 J/mol.K  
99+
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