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Lawrencium vs Chromium

Lawrencium
Chromium
Chromium vs Lawrencium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Lr  
Cr  
Group Number
3  
15
6  
12
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
22537195  
15
7440473  
39
Space Group Name
-  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is synthetically produced metal.
  • Radiation hazard can be produce by it.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Bombarding Californium-252 with Boron Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Discovery
In 1961–1971  
In Between 1797 - 1798  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.30 %  
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Lawrencium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
Physical
Melting Point
1,627.00 °C  
20
1,857.00 °C  
14
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
2,672.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silver  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
-  
8.50  
1
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa  
28
687.00 MPa  
18
Vickers Hardness
500.00 MPa  
35
1,060.00 MPa  
17
Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s  
99+
5,940.00 m/s  
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.97  
2
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Lr  
Cr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
10  
28
21  
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.66  
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.66  
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.56  
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.66  
19
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.34  
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
2nd Energy Level
1,428.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
3rd Energy Level
2,228.00 kJ/mol  
99+
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
4th Energy Level
4,910.00 kJ/mol  
31
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
5th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
6th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
7th Energy level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
8th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
9th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
10th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
11th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
12th Energy Level
47,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
13th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
14th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
99+
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
15th Energy Level
47,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
16th Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
17th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
15
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
18th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
19th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
12
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
20th Energy Level
860.00 kJ/mol  
17
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
21st Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
27
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
22nd Energy Level
388.00 kJ/mol  
99+
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
23rd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol  
32
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
546.10 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
26th Energy Level
594.70 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
27th Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
28th Energy Level
478.00 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
29th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
30th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.23 g/amp-hr  
12
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
103  
15
24  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1  
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
103  
15
24  
99+
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
103  
15
24  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
162.00 pm  
28
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm  
31
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
246.00 pm  
12
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
266.00 amu  
12
52.00 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
35.10 cm3/mol  
7
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Nobelium
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Rutherfordium
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
170.00 (-eV)  
4
Lattice Constant
530.00 pm  
14
291.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
22
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.00 g/cm3  
22
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.60 g/cm3  
20
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
689.00 MPa  
7
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
26
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
774.00 (Pa)  
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
115.00 GPa  
9
Bulk Modulus
15.00 GPa  
99+
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
210.00 GPa  
10
279.00 GPa  
8
Poisson Ratio
0.32  
12
0.21  
33
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.60  
22
7.19  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Antiferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
10
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
-  
Resistivity
8.37 nΩ·m  
99+
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.22 J/(kg K)  
29
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
93.90 W/m·K  
17
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,907.00 K  
24
Thermal Expansion
8.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
341.90 kJ/mol  
37
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
Standard Molar Entropy
54.80 J/mol.K  
35
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
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