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Lawrencium vs Nickel

Lawrencium
Nickel
Nickel vs Lawrencium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Lr  
Ni  
Group Number
3  
15
10  
8
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
22537195  
15
7440020  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is synthetically produced metal.
  • Radiation hazard can be produce by it.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
Sources
Bombarding Californium-252 with Boron Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt  
Discovery
In 1961–1971  
In 1751  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.01 %  
5
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.01 %  
3
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
1.30 %  
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
15
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Lawrencium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3  
17
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
Physical
Melting Point
1,627.00 °C  
20
1,453.00 °C  
31
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
2,732.00 °C  
40
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silver  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
-  
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa  
28
667.00 MPa  
20
Vickers Hardness
500.00 MPa  
35
638.00 MPa  
24
Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s  
99+
4,900.00 m/s  
16
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.68  
28
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
72.00 %  
11
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Lr  
Ni  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
10  
28
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.91  
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.94  
12
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.75  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.91  
12
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.88  
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.09  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
25
2nd Energy Level
1,428.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,753.00 kJ/mol  
26
3rd Energy Level
2,228.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,395.00 kJ/mol  
17
4th Energy Level
4,910.00 kJ/mol  
31
5,300.00 kJ/mol  
24
5th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,339.00 kJ/mol  
23
6th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
15
7th Energy level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,800.00 kJ/mol  
10
8th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
9th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
10th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21,670.00 kJ/mol  
14
11th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30,970.00 kJ/mol  
7
12th Energy Level
47,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
34,000.00 kJ/mol  
29
13th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
37,100.00 kJ/mol  
7
14th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
99+
41,500.00 kJ/mol  
8
15th Energy Level
47,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
44,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
48,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
15
55,101.00 kJ/mol  
11
18th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,570.00 kJ/mol  
12
19th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
12
148,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
20th Energy Level
860.00 kJ/mol  
17
159,000.00 kJ/mol  
3
21st Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
27
169,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
22nd Energy Level
388.00 kJ/mol  
99+
182,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
23rd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol  
32
194,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
24th Energy Level
546.10 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
26th Energy Level
594.70 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
27th Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
20
28th Energy Level
478.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
26
29th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
27
30th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.00 kJ/mol  
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.23 g/amp-hr  
12
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
5.15 eV  
6
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
103  
15
28  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1  
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
103  
15
28  
99+
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
31  
99+
Number of Electrons
103  
15
28  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
162.00 pm  
28
124.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm  
31
124.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
246.00 pm  
12
163.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
266.00 amu  
12
58.69 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
35.10 cm3/mol  
7
6.59 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Nobelium
  
Cobalt
  
Next Element
Rutherfordium
  
Copper
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
42.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
530.00 pm  
14
352.40 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
22
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.00 g/cm3  
22
8.91 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.60 g/cm3  
20
7.81 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
345.00 MPa  
13
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
8
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
33
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
19.50 (Pa)  
6
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
76.00 GPa  
12
Bulk Modulus
15.00 GPa  
99+
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
210.00 GPa  
10
200.00 GPa  
12
Poisson Ratio
0.32  
12
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.60  
22
8.90  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
2
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
600.00  
2
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
8.37 nΩ·m  
99+
69.30 nΩ·m  
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω  
14
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
112.00 kJ/mol  
7
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.22 J/(kg K)  
29
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
26.07 J/mol·K  
39
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
90.90 W/m·K  
18
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,728.00 K  
35
Thermal Expansion
8.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
341.90 kJ/mol  
37
371.80 kJ/mol  
29
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
422.60 kJ/mol  
22
Standard Molar Entropy
54.80 J/mol.K  
35
29.90 J/mol.K  
99+
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