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Lawrencium vs Palladium

Lawrencium
Palladium
Palladium vs Lawrencium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Lr  
Pd  
Group Number
3  
15
10  
8
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
22537195  
15
7440053  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is synthetically produced metal.
  • Radiation hazard can be produce by it.
  
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
Bombarding Californium-252 with Boron Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
In 1961–1971  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Lawrencium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
-  
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,627.00 °C  
20
1,554.90 °C  
22
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
2,963.00 °C  
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silver  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
-  
4.75  
9
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa  
28
320.00 MPa  
40
Vickers Hardness
500.00 MPa  
35
121.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s  
99+
3,070.00 m/s  
38
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.72  
25
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
84.00 %  
5
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Lr  
Pd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
10  
28
38  
1
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.35  
22
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.59  
25
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,428.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
3rd Energy Level
2,228.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
4th Energy Level
4,910.00 kJ/mol  
31
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
13
6th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
33
7th Energy level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
8th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
9th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
24
10th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
28
11th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
12th Energy Level
47,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
47,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
16th Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
15
804.40 kJ/mol  
33
18th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,045.00 kJ/mol  
22
19th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
12
804.40 kJ/mol  
30
20th Energy Level
860.00 kJ/mol  
17
804.00 kJ/mol  
23
21st Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
27
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
388.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.00 kJ/mol  
18
23rd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol  
32
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
546.10 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
14
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
26th Energy Level
594.70 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
27th Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
11
28th Energy Level
478.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
17
29th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
16
30th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.00 kJ/mol  
12
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.23 g/amp-hr  
12
1.99 g/amp-hr  
34
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
5.12 eV  
7
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
103  
15
46  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1  
[Kr] 4d10  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
103  
15
46  
99+
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
60  
99+
Number of Electrons
103  
15
46  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
162.00 pm  
28
137.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm  
31
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
246.00 pm  
12
163.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
266.00 amu  
12
106.42 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
35.10 cm3/mol  
7
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Nobelium
  
Rhodium
  
Next Element
Rutherfordium
  
Silver
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
530.00 pm  
14
389.07 pm  
28
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
22
1.56  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.00 g/cm3  
22
12.02 g/cm3  
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.60 g/cm3  
20
10.38 g/cm3  
38
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
550.00 MPa  
8
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
14
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
29
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
15.00 GPa  
99+
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
210.00 GPa  
10
121.00 GPa  
18
Poisson Ratio
0.32  
12
0.39  
5
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.60  
22
12.02  
33
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
18
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
27
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
8.37 nΩ·m  
99+
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.10 106/cm Ω  
27
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
54.23 kJ/mol  
21
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.22 J/(kg K)  
29
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
25.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
71.80 W/m·K  
23
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,825.00 K  
26
Thermal Expansion
8.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
341.90 kJ/mol  
37
376.60 kJ/mol  
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
393.30 kJ/mol  
29
Standard Molar Entropy
54.80 J/mol.K  
35
37.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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