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Lawrencium vs Palladium

Lawrencium
Palladium
Palladium vs Lawrencium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Lr   
Pd   
Group Number
Not Available   
10   
8
Period Number
7   
5   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
22537195   
15
7440053   
99+
Space Group Name
Not Available   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
Not Available   
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is synthetically produced metal.
  • Radiation hazard can be produce by it.
  
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
Bombarding Californium-252 with Boron Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining   
Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research   
William Hyde Wollaston   
Discovery
In 1961–1971   
In 1803   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000003 %   
24
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Lawrencium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
NA   
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
Not Available   
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,627.00 °C   
20
1,554.90 °C   
22
Boiling Point
Not Available   
2,963.00 °C   
33
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silver   
Luster
Unknown Luster   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
4.75   
9
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
320.00 MPa   
33
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
121.00 MPa   
36
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,070.00 m/s   
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.72   
1
Reflectivity
Not Available   
84.00 %   
4
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Lr   
Pd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
10   
28
38   
1
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.20   
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.35   
21
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.59   
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
1.80   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol   
99+
520.23 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,428.00 kJ/mol   
99+
7,298.22 kJ/mol   
2
3rd Energy Level
2,228.00 kJ/mol   
99+
11,815.13 kJ/mol   
3
4th Energy Level
4,910.00 kJ/mol   
21
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.23 g/amp-hr   
11
1.99 g/amp-hr   
30
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
5.12 eV   
3
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
103   
15
46   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1   
[Kr] 4d10   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
103   
15
46   
99+
Number of Neutrons
157   
7
60   
99+
Number of Electrons
103   
15
46   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
Not Available   
137.00 pm   
40
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
246.00 pm   
8
163.00 pm   
40
Atomic Weight
266.00 amu   
12
106.42 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
8.90 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Nobelium
  
Rhodium
  
Next Element
Rutherfordium
  
Silver
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
33.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
Not Available   
389.07 pm   
25
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
Not Available   
12.02 g/cm3   
29
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
10.38 g/cm3   
17
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
44.00 GPa   
17
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
121.00 GPa   
16
Poisson Ratio
0.32   
12
0.39   
5
Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown   
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
Not Available   
12.02   
21
Magnetic Ordering
Unknown   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Conductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
105.40 nΩ·m   
29
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.10 106/cm Ω   
22
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
54.23 kJ/mol   
17
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.24 J/(kg K)   
23
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
25.98 J/mol·K   
33
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
71.80 W/m·K   
23
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
376.60 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
16.74 kJ/mol   
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
393.30 kJ/mol   
22
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
37.60 J/mol.K   
40
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