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Lawrencium vs Thallium

Lawrencium
Thallium
Thallium vs Lawrencium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Lr  
Tl  
Group Number
3  
15
13  
5
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
22537195  
15
7440280  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is synthetically produced metal.
  • Radiation hazard can be produce by it.
  
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
  
Sources
Bombarding Californium-252 with Boron Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
William Crookes  
Discovery
In 1961–1971  
In 1861  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
33
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Lawrencium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Medical Research  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
38
Physical
Melting Point
1,627.00 °C  
20
303.50 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
1,457.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
-  
1.20  
21
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa  
28
26.50 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
500.00 MPa  
35
120.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s  
99+
818.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
8.00 %  
37
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Lr  
Tl  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
10  
28
32  
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.62  
22
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.25  
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.44  
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.96  
11
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.79  
16
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.38  
33
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,428.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,971.00 kJ/mol  
14
3rd Energy Level
2,228.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,878.00 kJ/mol  
32
4th Energy Level
4,910.00 kJ/mol  
31
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
17
5th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
47,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
37
15th Energy Level
47,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
38
17th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
15
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
12
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
860.00 kJ/mol  
17
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
27
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
388.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol  
32
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
546.10 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
594.70 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
478.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.23 g/amp-hr  
12
7.63 g/amp-hr  
2
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
3.84 eV  
39
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
103  
15
81  
35
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
103  
15
81  
35
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
123  
21
Number of Electrons
103  
15
81  
35
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
162.00 pm  
28
170.00 pm  
24
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm  
31
145.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
246.00 pm  
12
196.00 pm  
37
Atomic Weight
266.00 amu  
12
204.38 amu  
31
Atomic Volume
35.10 cm3/mol  
7
17.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Nobelium
  
Mercury
  
Next Element
Rutherfordium
  
Lead
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
9.60 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
530.00 pm  
14
345.66 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
22
1.60  
23
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.00 g/cm3  
22
11.85 g/cm3  
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.60 g/cm3  
20
11.22 g/cm3  
33
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
47.00 MPa  
39
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
22
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
16.90 (Pa)  
5
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
2.80 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
15.00 GPa  
99+
43.00 GPa  
33
Young's Modulus
210.00 GPa  
10
8.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.32  
12
0.45  
2
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Sectile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.60  
22
11.85  
35
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
28
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
8.37 nΩ·m  
99+
0.18 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.06 106/cm Ω  
37
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
19.20 kJ/mol  
38
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.22 J/(kg K)  
29
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
26.32 J/mol·K  
37
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
46.10 W/m·K  
33
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
577.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
29.90 µm/(m·K)  
12
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
341.90 kJ/mol  
37
162.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
4.27 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
179.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
54.80 J/mol.K  
35
64.20 J/mol.K  
20
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