1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
1.6 CAS Number
74399327440542
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
- Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-7 %2 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
2.5.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.00017 %~0.0000002 %
1E-08
0.1
2.8.1 Abundance In Meteorites
2.10.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.2 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.4 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
- Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
- Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
4.2.5 In Bone
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
180.54 °C1,311.00 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C3,233.00 °C
147
5660
6.3 Appearance
6.3.1 Physical State
6.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
6.3.3 Luster
6.4 Hardness
6.4.1 Mohs Hardness
7.1.1 Brinell Hardness
7.2.1 Vickers Hardness
7.5 Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s2,680.00 m/s
818
16200
7.6 Optical Properties
7.6.2 Refractive Index
7.6.3 Reflectivity
7.7 Allotropes
7.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.4 Electronegativity
8.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.5.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.2.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.3.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.3.4 Allen Electronegativity
9.4 Electropositivity
9.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.5 Ionization Energies
9.5.1 1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol593.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.5.2 2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol1,170.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.5.4 3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol1,990.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.7.2 4th Energy Level
NA4,250.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.7.4 5th Energy Level
9.7.6 6th Energy Level
9.7.8 7th Energy level
9.7.10 8th Energy Level
9.7.12 9th Energy Level
9.7.14 10th Energy Level
9.7.16 11th Energy Level
9.7.18 12th Energy Level
9.7.20 13th Energy Level
9.7.22 14th Energy Level
9.7.24 15th Energy Level
9.7.26 16th Energy Level
9.7.28 17th Energy Level
9.7.29 18th Energy Level
9.7.31 19th Energy Level
9.7.33 20th Energy Level
9.7.35 21st Energy Level
9.7.37 22nd Energy Level
9.7.39 23rd Energy Level
9.7.40 24th Energy Level
9.7.42 25th Energy Level
9.7.44 26th Energy Level
9.7.46 27th Energy Level
9.7.48 28th Energy Level
9.7.50 29th Energy Level
9.7.52 30th Energy Level
9.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr1.96 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.9 Electron Work Function
9.10 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.3 Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
10.4 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
10.4.1 Crystal Lattice
10.5 Atom
10.5.1 Number of Protons
10.6.1 Number of Neutrons
11.1.1 Number of Electrons
11.5 Radius of an Atom
11.5.1 Atomic Radius
152.00 pm180.00 pm
112
265
11.5.3 Covalent Radius
128.00 pm196.00 pm
96
260
11.5.4 Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm237.00 pm
139
348
11.6 Atomic Weight
6.94 amu47.87 amu
6.94
294
11.8 Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol19.90 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
11.9 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.9.1 Previous Element
11.9.2 Next Element
11.10 Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)46.10 (-eV)
8
392.42
11.12 Lattice Constant
351.00 pm363.60 pm
228.58
891.25
11.14 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
11.15 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm37.90 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.4.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm37.40 g/cm3
0.512
20
13.2 Tensile Strength
13.3 Viscosity
13.4 Vapor Pressure
13.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
13.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.7 Elasticity properties
13.7.1 Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa21.80 GPa
1.3
222
13.8.2 Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa37.90 GPa
1.6
462
13.9.2 Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa54.80 GPa
1.7
528
13.10 Poisson Ratio
13.11 Other Mechanical Properties
14 Magnetic
14.1 Magnetic Characteristics
14.1.1 Specific Gravity
14.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
14.2.2 Permeability
15.1.2 Susceptibility
15.2 Electrical Properties
15.2.1 Electrical Property
15.2.2 Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m1.31 nΩ·m
0.18
961
15.2.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
15.3.3 Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
16 Thermal
16.1 Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)0.23 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
16.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K37.03 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
16.3 Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K10.60 W/m·K
6.3
429
17.3 Critical Temperature
17.4 Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)9.40 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
17.6 Enthalpy
17.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol359.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
17.7.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol10.05 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
17.9.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol352.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
17.10 Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K68.10 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1