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Livermorium vs Polonium

Livermorium
Polonium
Polonium vs Livermorium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Lv  
Po  
Group Number
16  
2
16  
2
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
p block  
p block  
Element Family
Probably Post-​Transition  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
54100719  
3
7440086  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
Pm-3m  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
221.00  
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
Livermorium was first synthesized in 2000 by a joint Russian-American research team.  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Synthetically Produced  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory  
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
Discovery
In 2000  
In 1898  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
-  
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Livermorium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.50 p.p.m.  
22
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
-  
254.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,500.00 °C  
18
962.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Silver  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
-  
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa  
36
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,600.00 m/s  
21
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
2.70  
3
Reflectivity
66.00 %  
17
50.00 %  
31
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-polonium  
β Allotropes
-  
β-polonium  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Lv  
Po  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
5  
32
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
8
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.90  
13
2.00  
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.90  
1
1.76  
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.90  
13
2.48  
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.90  
8
2.19  
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
723.60 kJ/mol  
28
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
2nd Energy Level
1,331.50 kJ/mol  
99+
1,833.20 kJ/mol  
17
3rd Energy Level
2,846.30 kJ/mol  
35
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,811.20 kJ/mol  
99+
8,121.00 kJ/mol  
7
5th Energy Level
6,078.60 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
12
6th Energy Level
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
32
7th Energy level
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
38
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
8th Energy Level
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
34
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
9th Energy Level
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
31
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
23
10th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
27
11th Energy Level
6,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
12th Energy Level
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
30
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
19
14th Energy Level
1,168.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
18
15th Energy Level
70,900.00 kJ/mol  
26
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
15
16th Energy Level
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
12
17th Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol  
23
812.10 kJ/mol  
32
18th Energy Level
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
32
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
21
19th Energy Level
1,169.70 kJ/mol  
13
812.10 kJ/mol  
29
20th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
15
812.00 kJ/mol  
22
21st Energy Level
709.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
40
22nd Energy Level
370.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.00 kJ/mol  
17
23rd Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
548.90 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
13
25th Energy Level
709.00 kJ/mol  
27
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
26th Energy Level
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
27th Energy Level
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
812.10 kJ/mol  
10
28th Energy Level
709.00 kJ/mol  
31
812.10 kJ/mol  
16
29th Energy Level
709.00 kJ/mol  
32
812.10 kJ/mol  
15
30th Energy Level
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
812.00 kJ/mol  
11
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
116  
2
84  
32
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
Crystal Structure
Not Known  
Monoclinic (MON)  
Crystal Lattice
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Livermorium.jpg#100  
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
116  
2
84  
32
Number of Neutrons
160  
5
125  
20
Number of Electrons
116  
2
84  
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm  
12
168.00 pm  
25
Covalent Radius
183.00 pm  
22
140.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
0.00 pm  
99+
197.00 pm  
36
Atomic Weight
293.00 amu  
2
209.00 amu  
28
Atomic Volume
22.90 cm3/mol  
16
22.23 cm3/mol  
22
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Moscovium
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
No Next Element  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
9.30 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
362.15 pm  
36
335.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
22
1.46  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.90 g/cm3  
28
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.90 g/cm3  
30
9.40 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
26
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
28.50 GPa  
30
24.00 GPa  
40
Bulk Modulus
42.00 GPa  
34
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
12.50 GPa  
99+
46.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.23  
30
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.00  
34
9.32  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Nonmagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.50 nΩ·m  
99+
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
527.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
9.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
722.00 kJ/mol  
3
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
13.00 kJ/mol  
32
Enthalpy of Atomization
380.50 kJ/mol  
32
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
50.20 J/mol.K  
99+
41.10 J/mol.K  
99+
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