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Manganese
Manganese

Rubidium
Rubidium



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Manganese
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Manganese vs Rubidium

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Mn
Rb
1.2 Group Number
71
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
45
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
d block
s block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkali
1.6 CAS Number
74399657440177
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
I_ 43m
Im_ 3m
1.8 Space Group Number
217.00229.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
  • Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Obtained from Lithium Production.
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Johann Gottlieb Gahn
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1774
In 1861
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-4 %1 * 10-6 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.001 %~0.000003 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.27 %0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.11 %0.01 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
  • Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Research Purposes
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-32.49 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
100.00 p.p.m.5.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,245.00 °C38.89 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
1,962.00 °C688.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silver
Grayish White
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
NA
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
6.000.30
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
196.00 MPa0.22 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
5,150.00 m/s1,300.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Mn
Rb
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
2129
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.550.82
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
2.200.31
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.600.89
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NA0.69
Cesium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
1.750.71
Cesium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.453.18
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
717.30 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,509.00 kJ/mol2,633.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
3,248.00 kJ/mol3,860.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
4,940.00 kJ/mol5,080.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
6,990.00 kJ/mol6,850.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
9,220.00 kJ/mol8,140.00 kJ/mol
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
11,500.00 kJ/mol9,570.00 kJ/mol
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
18,770.00 kJ/mol13,120.00 kJ/mol
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
21,400.00 kJ/mol14,500.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
23,960.00 kJ/mol26,740.00 kJ/mol
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
27,590.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
30,330.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
33,150.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
38,880.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
41,987.00 kJ/molNA
Copper
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
109,480.00 kJ/molNA
Iron
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
118,100.00 kJ/molNA
Cobalt
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
127,100.00 kJ/molNA
Nickel
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
138,600.00 kJ/molNA
Copper
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
148,500.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
158,600.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
172,500.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
181,380.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.29 g/amp-hr3.19 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
4.10 eV2.16 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
2537
Lithium
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s2
[Kr] 5s1
6.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
2537
Lithium
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
3048
Lithium
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
2537
Lithium
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
127.00 pm248.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
139.00 pm220.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm303.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
54.94 amu85.47 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
1.39 cm3/mol55.90 cm3/mol
Palladium
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
220.00 (-eV)9.47 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
891.25 pm558.50 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.21 g/cm31.53 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.95 g/cm31.46 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)NA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
NANA
Potassium
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
120.00 GPa2.50 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
198.00 GPa2.40 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
7.211.53
Lithium
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
1.44 nΩ·m128.00 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.08 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol46.90 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.48 J/(kg K)0.36 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K31.06 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
7.81 W/m·K58.20 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NA2,093.00 K
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
21.70 µm/(m·K)90.00 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
219.70 kJ/mol69.20 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
14.64 kJ/mol2.19 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
280.30 kJ/mol82.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
32.00 J/mol.K76.80 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1