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Mendelevium vs Gadolinium

Mendelevium
Gadolinium
Gadolinium vs Mendelevium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Md  
Gd  
Group Number
3  
15
0  
18
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440111  
99+
7440542  
33
Space Group Name
-  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Mendelevium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Mendelevium metal has been produced in only trace amount.
  
  • Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
Sources
Bombarding Einsteinium with Helium Ions  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac  
Discovery
In 1955  
In 1880  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Earth's Crust
-  
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
38
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Mendelevium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
  • Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
827.00 °C  
99+
1,311.00 °C  
35
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
3,233.00 °C  
26
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
-  
4.50  
10
Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa  
36
700.00 MPa  
17
Vickers Hardness
0.00 MPa  
99+
510.00 MPa  
34
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.97  
16
Reflectivity
66.00 %  
17
59.00 %  
24
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Md  
Gd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.20  
40
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.20  
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.11  
30
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.20  
39
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.20  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.80  
15
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
99+
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,235.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,170.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,250.00 kJ/mol  
40
5th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
36
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
16
59,300.00 kJ/mol  
17
13th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
37
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
36
15th Energy Level
63,500.00 kJ/mol  
37
59,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
99+
59,300.00 kJ/mol  
37
17th Energy Level
1,107.00 kJ/mol  
21
594.10 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
39
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
99+
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
40
594.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
13
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
34
593.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
13
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
36
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
38
593.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
37
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
39
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
99+
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
99+
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
40
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.21 g/amp-hr  
13
1.96 g/amp-hr  
36
Electron Work Function
3.89 eV  
37
3.10 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
101  
17
64  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f13 7s2  
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Not Known  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Mendelevium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
101  
17
64  
99+
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
93  
38
Number of Electrons
101  
17
64  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm  
21
180.00 pm  
16
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
25
196.00 pm  
14
Van der Waals Radius
246.00 pm  
12
237.00 pm  
19
Atomic Weight
258.00 amu  
14
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol  
32
19.90 cm3/mol  
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Fermium
  
Europium
  
Next Element
Nobelium
  
Terbium
  
Valence Electron Potential
63.70 (-eV)  
23
46.10 (-eV)  
35
Lattice Constant
-  
363.60 pm  
35
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
36
1.59  
29
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.30 g/cm3  
38
7.90 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.30 g/cm3  
39
7.40 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
158.00 MPa  
23
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
32
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
7.39 (Pa)  
9
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
32.00 GPa  
24
21.80 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
37.90 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
12.00 GPa  
99+
54.80 GPa  
38
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.26  
23
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.50  
29
7.90  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
11
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
4
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.63 nΩ·m  
99+
1.31 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.23 J/(kg K)  
27
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
37.03 J/mol·K  
3
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
10.60 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,100.00 K  
99+
1,585.00 K  
38
Thermal Expansion
11.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
9.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
380.50 kJ/mol  
26
359.40 kJ/mol  
30
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
10.05 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
410.80 kJ/mol  
25
352.00 kJ/mol  
36
Standard Molar Entropy
37.40 J/mol.K  
99+
68.10 J/mol.K  
16
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