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Mendelevium vs Niobium

Mendelevium
Niobium
Niobium vs Mendelevium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Md  
Nb  
Group Number
3  
15
5  
13
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440111  
99+
7440031  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Mendelevium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Mendelevium metal has been produced in only trace amount.
  
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
Sources
Bombarding Einsteinium with Helium Ions  
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Charles Hatchett  
Discovery
In 1955  
In 1801  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Earth's Crust
-  
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Mendelevium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
25
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.07 p.p.m.  
30
Physical
Melting Point
827.00 °C  
99+
2,468.00 °C  
6
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
2,468.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
-  
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa  
36
735.00 MPa  
15
Vickers Hardness
0.00 MPa  
99+
870.00 MPa  
19
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
3,480.00 m/s  
31
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.30  
8
Reflectivity
66.00 %  
17
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Md  
Nb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
17  
22
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.60  
24
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.42  
20
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.23  
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.60  
22
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.41  
35
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.40  
31
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,235.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,416.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
36
4,877.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,847.00 kJ/mol  
17
7th Energy level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,100.00 kJ/mol  
14
8th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
16
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
37
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
691.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
63,500.00 kJ/mol  
37
65,200.00 kJ/mol  
35
16th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
1,107.00 kJ/mol  
21
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
39
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
37
19th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
40
652.00 kJ/mol  
38
21st Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
13
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
34
694.00 kJ/mol  
30
23rd Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
13
4,490.00 kJ/mol  
30
24th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
36
652.10 kJ/mol  
33
25th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
38
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
26th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
37
652.10 kJ/mol  
34
27th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
39
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
28th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
40
29th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
40
652.00 kJ/mol  
37
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.21 g/amp-hr  
13
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.89 eV  
37
4.30 eV  
25
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
101  
17
41  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f13 7s2  
[Kr] 4d4 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Not Known  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Mendelevium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
101  
17
41  
99+
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
52  
99+
Number of Electrons
101  
17
41  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm  
21
146.00 pm  
37
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
25
164.00 pm  
30
Van der Waals Radius
246.00 pm  
12
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
258.00 amu  
14
92.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol  
32
10.87 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Fermium
  
Zirconium
  
Next Element
Nobelium
  
Molybdenum
  
Valence Electron Potential
63.70 (-eV)  
23
104.00 (-eV)  
8
Lattice Constant
-  
330.04 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
36
1.47  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.30 g/cm3  
38
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.30 g/cm3  
39
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
330.00 MPa  
14
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
22
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
36
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
32.00 GPa  
24
38.00 GPa  
20
Bulk Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
170.00 GPa  
10
Young's Modulus
12.00 GPa  
99+
105.00 GPa  
22
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.40  
4
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.50  
29
8.57  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
11
0.00 H/m  
4
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.63 nΩ·m  
99+
152.00 nΩ·m  
23
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.07 106/cm Ω  
33
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
86.10 kJ/mol  
14
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.26 J/(kg K)  
20
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
24.60 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
53.70 W/m·K  
29
Critical Temperature
1,100.00 K  
99+
2,750.00 K  
7
Thermal Expansion
11.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
7.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
380.50 kJ/mol  
26
696.60 kJ/mol  
5
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
27.20 kJ/mol  
6
Enthalpy of Atomization
410.80 kJ/mol  
25
745.00 kJ/mol  
4
Standard Molar Entropy
37.40 J/mol.K  
99+
36.40 J/mol.K  
99+
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