1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74400087440042
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Auer von Welsbach
Smithson Tennant
2.3.3 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %3 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.6 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %~0.0000002 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.11 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.16 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.21 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.26 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
- It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
-
It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
3.1.3 Other Uses
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
3.2.8 In Bone
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,010.00 °C3,045.00 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
3,127.00 °C5,027.00 °C
147
5660
4.4 Appearance
4.4.1 Physical State
4.4.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery Bluish-Gray
4.4.3 Luster
4.5 Hardness
4.5.1 Mohs Hardness
4.7.2 Brinell Hardness
265.00 MPa3,490.00 MPa
0.14
3490
5.2.1 Vickers Hardness
5.6 Speed of Sound
2,330.00 m/s4,940.00 m/s
818
16200
6.2 Optical Properties
6.2.1 Refractive Index
6.5.2 Reflectivity
6.6 Allotropes
6.6.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.6.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.6.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.5 Electronegativity
7.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.6.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.2.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.4.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.7.3 Allen Electronegativity
9.4 Electropositivity
9.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.10 Ionization Energies
9.10.1 1st Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol840.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.11.1 2nd Energy Level
1,040.00 kJ/mol1,309.80 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.12.1 3rd Energy Level
2,130.00 kJ/mol1,600.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.12.3 4th Energy Level
3,900.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
9.17.1 5th Energy Level
10.2.1 6th Energy Level
10.2.2 7th Energy level
10.3.2 8th Energy Level
11.1.2 9th Energy Level
11.2.1 10th Energy Level
11.4.1 11th Energy Level
11.9.1 12th Energy Level
11.11.1 13th Energy Level
11.16.1 14th Energy Level
11.18.3 15th Energy Level
12.1.2 16th Energy Level
13.1.2 17th Energy Level
13.1.4 18th Energy Level
13.2.1 19th Energy Level
13.3.1 20th Energy Level
13.5.1 21st Energy Level
14.1.2 22nd Energy Level
14.3.2 23rd Energy Level
14.5.2 24th Energy Level
14.5.4 25th Energy Level
14.5.6 26th Energy Level
15.1.3 27th Energy Level
15.4.3 28th Energy Level
15.4.6 29th Energy Level
15.4.8 30th Energy Level
15.5 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.79 g/amp-hr1.77 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
15.7 Electron Work Function
15.9 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
16 Atomic
16.1 Atomic Number
18.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f4 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
18.3 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
18.3.1 Crystal Lattice
18.4 Atom
18.4.1 Number of Protons
19.2.1 Number of Neutrons
19.3.5 Number of Electrons
20.3 Radius of an Atom
20.3.1 Atomic Radius
181.00 pm133.80 pm
112
265
20.6.2 Covalent Radius
20.8.2 Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm216.00 pm
139
348
21.2 Atomic Weight
144.24 amu190.23 amu
6.94
294
21.6 Atomic Volume
20.60 cm3/mol8.49 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
22.2 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
22.2.1 Previous Element
22.2.2 Next Element
22.3 Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)91.40 (-eV)
8
392.42
22.7 Lattice Constant
365.80 pm273.44 pm
228.58
891.25
22.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
22.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
23 Mechanical
23.1 Density
23.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.01 g/cm322.59 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
23.3.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.89 g/cm320.00 g/cm3
0.512
20
23.6 Tensile Strength
23.8 Viscosity
23.9 Vapor Pressure
23.9.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
23.10.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
101.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
23.11 Elasticity properties
23.11.1 Shear Modulus
16.30 GPa222.00 GPa
1.3
222
23.11.3 Bulk Modulus
31.80 GPa462.00 GPa
1.6
462
23.12.1 Young's Modulus
23.13 Poisson Ratio
23.14 Other Mechanical Properties
24 Magnetic
24.1 Magnetic Characteristics
24.1.1 Specific Gravity
24.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
24.1.3 Permeability
24.1.4 Susceptibility
24.2 Electrical Properties
24.2.1 Electrical Property
24.2.2 Resistivity
643.00 nΩ·m81.20 nΩ·m
0.18
961
24.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.11 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
24.2.4 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol106.10 kJ/mol
0
222.8
25 Thermal
25.1 Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
25.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.45 J/mol·K24.70 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
25.3 Thermal Conductivity
16.50 W/m·K87.60 W/m·K
6.3
429
25.4 Critical Temperature
25.5 Thermal Expansion
9.60 µm/(m·K)5.10 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
25.6 Enthalpy
25.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
273.00 kJ/mol627.60 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
25.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.14 kJ/mol29.30 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
25.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
322.00 kJ/mol669.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
25.7 Standard Molar Entropy
71.50 J/mol.K32.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1