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Neodymium
Neodymium

Samarium
Samarium



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Neodymium vs Samarium

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Nd
Sm
1.2 Group Number
1NA
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
66
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
f block
f block
1.5 Element Family
Lanthanide
Lanthanide
1.6 CAS Number
74400087440199
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
R_ 3m
1.8 Space Group Number
194.00166.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  • Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
  • Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Auer von Welsbach
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1885
In 1879
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %5 * 10-7 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %~0.0000001 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
  • It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
  • Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
  • Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
Slightly Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
NA0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
NANA
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,010.00 °C1,072.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
3,127.00 °C1,900.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
NANA
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
265.00 MPa441.00 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
345.00 MPa412.00 MPa
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
2,330.00 m/s2,130.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Nd
Sm
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
3030
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.141.17
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.071.07
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.862.83
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol544.50 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,040.00 kJ/mol1,070.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,130.00 kJ/mol2,260.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
3,900.00 kJ/mol3,990.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.79 g/amp-hr1.87 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
3.20 eV2.70 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
6062
Lithium
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f4 6s2
[Xe] 4f6 6s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
6062
Lithium
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
8488
Lithium
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
6062
Lithium
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
181.00 pm180.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
201.00 pm198.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm229.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
144.24 amu150.36 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
20.60 cm3/mol19.95 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)44.80 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
365.80 pm362.10 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61NA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.01 g/cm37.52 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.89 g/cm37.16 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.94 (Pa)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
101.00 (Pa)NA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
16.30 GPa19.50 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
31.80 GPa37.80 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
41.40 GPa49.70 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.280.27
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
7.007.52
Lithium
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
NA
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
643.00 nΩ·m0.94 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)0.20 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.45 J/mol·K29.54 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
16.50 W/m·K13.30 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
9.60 µm/(m·K)12.70 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
273.00 kJ/mol166.40 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.14 kJ/mol8.62 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
322.00 kJ/mol209.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
71.50 J/mol.K69.60 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1