Symbol
-
W
Group Number
16
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
66
2
7
👆🏻
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
74400087440337
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00229.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
- Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
- Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Carl Auer von Welsbach
-
Discovery
In 1885
In 1781
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
- It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
- Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
- Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
-
-
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
1,010.00 °C3,410.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
3,127.00 °C5,660.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Grayish White
Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
7.007.50
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
265.00 MPa2,000.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
345.00 MPa3,430.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
2,330.00 m/s4,620.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.642.10
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
80.00 %62.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
-
W
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
3033
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.142.36
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.140.98
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.071.40
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.142.36
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.141.47
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.861.64
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol770.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,040.00 kJ/mol1,700.00 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,130.00 kJ/mol2,045.40 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
3,900.00 kJ/mol7,700.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
5,330.00 kJ/mol7,700.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
5,330.00 kJ/mol7,700.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
5,331.00 kJ/mol7,700.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
5,360.00 kJ/mol7,700.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
5,330.00 kJ/mol7,700.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
5,330.00 kJ/mol7,700.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
5,330.00 kJ/mol7,700.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
5,330.00 kJ/mol7,700.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
5,330.00 kJ/mol7,700.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol770.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
53,300.00 kJ/mol77,000.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol77,000.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol770.00 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
5,331.00 kJ/mol7,700.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol770.00 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
536.00 kJ/mol770.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol770.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
533.00 kJ/mol770.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
5,331.00 kJ/mol770.00 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol770.00 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol770.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol770.00 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol770.00 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol770.00 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol770.00 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol770.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.79 g/amp-hr1.14 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
3.20 eV4.55 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Number
6074
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f4 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
6074
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
84110
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
6074
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
181.00 pm139.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
201.00 pm162.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm200.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
144.24 amu183.84 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
20.60 cm3/mol9.53 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)140.00 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
365.80 pm316.52 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.611.29
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.01 g/cm319.25 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.89 g/cm317.60 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
345.00 MPa370.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
101.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
16.30 GPa161.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
31.80 GPa310.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
41.40 GPa411.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.280.28
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.0019.22
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
-
Superconductor
Resistivity
643.00 nΩ·m52.80 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.19 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol78.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
27.45 J/mol·K24.27 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
16.50 W/m·K173.00 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,297.00 K3,695.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
9.60 µm/(m·K)4.50 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
273.00 kJ/mol799.10 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.14 kJ/mol35.23 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.00 kJ/mol837.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
71.50 J/mol.K32.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻