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Tungsten
Tungsten

Cerium
Cerium



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Tungsten vs Cerium

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
W
Ce
1.2 Group Number
6NA
Gadolinium
0 17
1.4 Period Number
66
Lithium
2 7
1.5 Block
d block
f block
1.6 Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
1.7 CAS Number
74403377440451
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.8 Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
1.9 Space Group Number
229.00194.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Not Available
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1781
In 1803
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %1 * 10-6 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %~0.0000004 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.01 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Medical Research
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
Moderately Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.2.70 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
3,410.00 °C795.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C3,257.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Grayish White
Silvery White
4.3.3 Luster
Lustrous
Lustrous
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
7.502.50
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa186.00 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa210.00 MPa
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s2,100.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
62.00 %NA
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
W
Ce
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
3330
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
2.361.12
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
0.98NA
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.401.08
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
1.47NA
Cesium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
1.642.88
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol534.40 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol1,050.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
NA1,949.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
NA3,547.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NA6,325.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NA7,490.00 kJ/mol
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr1.74 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
4.55 eV2.84 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
7458
Lithium
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
7458
Lithium
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
11082
Lithium
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
7458
Lithium
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
139.00 pm181.80 pm
Beryllium
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
162.00 pm204.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm235.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
183.84 amu140.12 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol20.67 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)41.78 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
316.52 pm362.00 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm36.77 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm36.55 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
370.00 MPaNA
Indium
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NA0.00 (Pa)
Palladium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)1.04 (Pa)
Palladium
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa13.50 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa21.50 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa33.60 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.280.24
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
19.226.77
Lithium
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m828.00 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.19 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K26.94 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K11.30 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)6.30 µm/(m·K)
Palladium
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol414.00 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol5.46 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol381.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K72.00 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1