1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74399987440031
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
Not Available
- Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
- Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
2.2 Sources
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons, Ores of metals
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson
Charles Hatchett
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000004 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
2 Uses
2.1 Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Neptunium metal are limited to research purpose only.
-
Neptunium’s isotope neptunium-237 is used as a neutron detectors.
- Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
- It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
2.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
2.1.2 Medical Uses
2.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
2.2 Biological Properties
2.2.1 Toxicity
2.2.2 Present in Human Body
2.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
2.2.6 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.07 p.p.m.
0
170000
3 Physical
3.1 Melting Point
640.00 °C2,468.00 °C
27
3410
3.2 Boiling Point
3,902.00 °C2,468.00 °C
147
5660
3.4 Appearance
3.4.1 Physical State
3.4.2 Color
3.4.3 Luster
3.5 Hardness
3.5.1 Mohs Hardness
3.5.3 Brinell Hardness
3.5.5 Vickers Hardness
3.6 Speed of Sound
3.7 Optical Properties
3.7.1 Refractive Index
3.7.2 Reflectivity
3.8 Allotropes
3.8.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
3.8.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
3.8.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4 Chemical
4.1 Chemical Formula
4.2 Isotopes
4.2.1 Known Isotopes
4.3 Electronegativity
4.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
4.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
4.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
4.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
4.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
4.4 Electropositivity
4.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
4.5 Ionization Energies
4.5.1 1st Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol652.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
4.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol1,380.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
4.5.3 3rd Energy Level
1,997.00 kJ/mol2,416.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
4.5.4 4th Energy Level
3,242.00 kJ/mol3,700.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
4.5.5 5th Energy Level
NA4,877.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
4.5.6 6th Energy Level
NA9,847.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
4.5.7 7th Energy level
NA12,100.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
4.5.8 8th Energy Level
4.5.9 9th Energy Level
4.5.10 10th Energy Level
4.5.11 11th Energy Level
4.5.12 12th Energy Level
4.5.13 13th Energy Level
4.5.14 14th Energy Level
4.5.15 15th Energy Level
4.5.16 16th Energy Level
4.5.17 17th Energy Level
4.5.18 18th Energy Level
4.5.19 19th Energy Level
4.5.20 20th Energy Level
4.5.21 21st Energy Level
4.5.22 22nd Energy Level
4.5.23 23rd Energy Level
4.5.24 24th Energy Level
4.5.25 25th Energy Level
4.5.26 26th Energy Level
4.5.27 27th Energy Level
4.5.28 28th Energy Level
4.5.29 29th Energy Level
4.5.30 30th Energy Level
4.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr0.69 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
4.7 Electron Work Function
4.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
5 Atomic
5.1 Atomic Number
5.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
5.3 Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
5.3.1 Crystal Lattice
5.4 Atom
5.4.1 Number of Protons
5.4.2 Number of Neutrons
5.4.3 Number of Electrons
5.5 Radius of an Atom
5.5.1 Atomic Radius
155.00 pm146.00 pm
112
265
5.5.2 Covalent Radius
190.00 pm164.00 pm
96
260
5.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
5.6 Atomic Weight
237.00 amu92.91 amu
6.94
294
5.7 Atomic Volume
11.62 cm3/mol10.87 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
5.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
5.8.1 Previous Element
5.8.2 Next Element
5.9 Valence Electron Potential
96.00 (-eV)104.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
5.10 Lattice Constant
666.30 pm330.04 pm
228.58
891.25
5.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
5.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
6 Mechanical
6.1 Density
6.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
19.38 g/cm38.57 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
6.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.2 Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa330.00 MPa
2.5
11000
6.3 Viscosity
6.4 Vapor Pressure
6.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
6.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.11 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
6.5 Elasticity properties
6.5.1 Shear Modulus
6.5.2 Bulk Modulus
6.5.3 Young's Modulus
6.6 Poisson Ratio
6.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
7 Magnetic
7.1 Magnetic Characteristics
7.1.1 Specific Gravity
7.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
7.1.3 Permeability
7.1.4 Susceptibility
7.2 Electrical Properties
7.2.1 Electrical Property
7.2.2 Resistivity
1.22 nΩ·m152.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
7.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.07 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
7.2.4 Electron Affinity
8 Thermal
8.1 Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)0.26 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
8.2 Molar Heat Capacity
29.46 J/mol·K24.60 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
8.3 Thermal Conductivity
6.30 W/m·K53.70 W/m·K
6.3
429
8.4 Critical Temperature
8.5 Thermal Expansion
8.6 Enthalpy
8.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA696.60 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
8.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
3.20 kJ/mol27.20 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
8.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
8.7 Standard Molar Entropy
NA36.40 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1