Neptunium Osmium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Np
Os
Group Number
Not Available
8
10
Period Number
7
6
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439998
99+
7440042
99+
Space Group Name
Pnma
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
62.00
11
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
Sources
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons, Ores of metals
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson
Smithson Tennant
Discovery
In 1940
In 1803
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
3 * 10-7 %
21
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0000002 %
25
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
28
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Neptunium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- Neptunium’s isotope neptunium-237 is used as a neutron detectors.
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
Not Available
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
640.00 °C
99+
3,045.00 °C
3
Boiling Point
3,902.00 °C
13
5,027.00 °C
6
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
7.00
3
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
3,490.00 MPa
1
Speed of Sound
Not Available
4,940.00 m/s
11
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Np
Os
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
20
19
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.36
29
2.20
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22
26
1.52
12
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.65
19
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.64
25
1.80
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol
99+
840.00 kJ/mol
12
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,309.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,997.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,600.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,242.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr
39
1.77 g/amp-hr
38
Electron Work Function
Not Available
4.83 eV
8
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
93
25
76
40
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Neptunium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
93
25
76
39
Number of Neutrons
144
14
114
25
Number of Electrons
93
25
76
39
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
155.00 pm
30
133.80 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm
18
Not Available
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm
22
216.00 pm
24
Atomic Weight
237.00 amu
22
190.23 amu
35
Atomic Volume
11.62 cm3/mol
99+
8.49 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
96.00 (-eV)
9
91.40 (-eV)
12
Lattice Constant
666.30 pm
3
273.44 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.58
14
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.38 g/cm3
14
22.59 g/cm3
9
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
20.00 g/cm3
1
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa
14
1,000.00 MPa
4
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.11 (Pa)
17
0.00 (Pa)
28
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
222.00 GPa
1
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
462.00 GPa
1
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.25
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
20.25
6
22.57
2
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
1.22 nΩ·m
99+
81.20 nΩ·m
35
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.11 106/cm Ω
18
Electron Affinity
Not Available
106.10 kJ/mol
9
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
29.46 J/mol·K
8
24.70 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
6.30 W/m·K
99+
87.60 W/m·K
19
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
5.10 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
627.60 kJ/mol
7
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.20 kJ/mol
99+
29.30 kJ/mol
4
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available
669.00 kJ/mol
6
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
32.60 J/mol.K
99+
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