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Neptunium vs Bismuth

Neptunium
Bismuth
Bismuth vs Neptunium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Np  
Bi  
Group Number
3  
15
15  
3
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
p block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7439998  
99+
7440699  
22
Space Group Name
Pnma  
C12/m1  
Space Group Number
62.00  
14
12.00  
15
Facts
Interesting Facts
Neptunium was the first transuranium element to be discovered.  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson  
Claude François Geoffroy  
Discovery
In 1940  
In 1753  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Neptunium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  • Neptunium’s isotope neptunium-237 is used as a neutron detectors.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.20 p.p.m.  
27
Physical
Melting Point
640.00 °C  
99+
271.30 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,902.00 °C  
13
1,560.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
2.25  
16
Brinell Hardness
622.00 MPa  
23
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
640.00 MPa  
23
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
64.00 %  
19
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Np  
Bi  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.36  
30
2.02  
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.36  
23
2.34  
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.67  
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.36  
31
2.15  
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.36  
37
2.01  
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.64  
25
1.98  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
34
3rd Energy Level
1,997.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,242.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
38
5th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,785.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
29
7th Energy level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
37
9th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
10th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
38
11th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
36
12th Energy Level
61,800.00 kJ/mol  
13
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
40
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
32
14th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
29
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
22
15th Energy Level
60,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
28
16th Energy Level
60,420.00 kJ/mol  
31
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
23
17th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
19th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
40
20th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
21st Energy Level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
17
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
12
22nd Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
40
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
23rd Energy Level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
18
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
10
24th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
27
25th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
26th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
27th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
28th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
29th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
30th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.60 g/amp-hr  
23
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
4.22 eV  
29
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
93  
25
83  
33
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Neptunium.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
93  
25
83  
33
Number of Neutrons
144  
15
126  
19
Number of Electrons
93  
25
83  
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
155.00 pm  
32
156.00 pm  
31
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm  
18
148.00 pm  
38
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm  
27
207.00 pm  
33
Atomic Weight
237.00 amu  
22
208.98 amu  
29
Atomic Volume
11.62 cm3/mol  
99+
21.30 cm3/mol  
23
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Uranium
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Plutonium
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
96.00 (-eV)  
9
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
666.30 pm  
3
667.40 pm  
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.43  
99+
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.38 g/cm3  
14
9.78 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.25 g/cm3  
10
10.05 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa  
26
32.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.11 (Pa)  
17
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa  
99+
12.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
31.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa  
99+
32.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
0.33  
11
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
20.25  
15
9.79  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
6
0.00 H/m  
20
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
36
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
1.22 nΩ·m  
99+
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
118.60 kJ/mol  
6
91.20 kJ/mol  
13
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
29.46 J/mol·K  
10
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
6.30 W/m·K  
99+
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
913.00 K  
99+
544.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
13.30 µm/(m·K)  
35
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
336.00 kJ/mol  
39
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.20 kJ/mol  
99+
10.90 kJ/mol  
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
275.30 kJ/mol  
99+
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
64.00 J/mol.K  
21
56.70 J/mol.K  
32
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