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Neptunium vs Gold

Neptunium
Gold
Gold vs Neptunium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Np  
Au  
Group Number
3  
15
11  
7
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439998  
99+
7440575  
31
Space Group Name
Pnma  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
62.00  
14
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
Neptunium was the first transuranium element to be discovered.  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons, Ores of metals  
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson  
-  
Discovery
In 1940  
Before 6000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
21
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Neptunium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  • Neptunium’s isotope neptunium-237 is used as a neutron detectors.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
Physical
Melting Point
640.00 °C  
99+
1,064.43 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,902.00 °C  
13
2,807.00 °C  
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Gold  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
622.00 MPa  
23
194.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
640.00 MPa  
23
216.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
0.47  
99+
Reflectivity
64.00 %  
19
95.00 %  
2
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Np  
Au  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.36  
30
2.54  
2
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.36  
23
1.50  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.36  
31
1.87  
15
Allen Electronegativity
1.36  
37
1.92  
7
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.64  
25
1.46  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
3rd Energy Level
1,997.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
4th Energy Level
3,242.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
6th Energy Level
5,785.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
7th Energy level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
8th Energy Level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
9th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
10th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
11th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
12th Energy Level
61,800.00 kJ/mol  
13
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
13th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
40
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
14th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
29
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
60,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
16th Energy Level
60,420.00 kJ/mol  
31
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
18th Energy Level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
19th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
20th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
21st Energy Level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
17
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
22nd Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
40
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
23rd Energy Level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
18
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
24th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
25th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
26th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
27th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
28th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
29th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
30th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
5.10 eV  
8
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
93  
25
79  
37
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Neptunium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
93  
25
79  
37
Number of Neutrons
144  
15
118  
24
Number of Electrons
93  
25
79  
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
155.00 pm  
32
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm  
18
144.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm  
27
166.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
237.00 amu  
22
196.97 amu  
33
Atomic Volume
11.62 cm3/mol  
99+
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Uranium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Plutonium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
96.00 (-eV)  
9
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
666.30 pm  
3
407.82 pm  
24
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.43  
99+
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.38 g/cm3  
14
19.30 g/cm3  
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.25 g/cm3  
10
17.31 g/cm3  
16
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa  
26
120.00 MPa  
27
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
25
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.11 (Pa)  
17
67.00 (Pa)  
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa  
99+
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa  
99+
79.00 GPa  
26
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
0.40  
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
20.25  
15
19.32  
17
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
6
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
22
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
1.22 nΩ·m  
99+
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
Electron Affinity
118.60 kJ/mol  
6
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
29.46 J/mol·K  
10
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
6.30 W/m·K  
99+
318.00 W/m·K  
3
Critical Temperature
913.00 K  
99+
1,337.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
13.30 µm/(m·K)  
35
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
336.00 kJ/mol  
39
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.20 kJ/mol  
99+
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
275.30 kJ/mol  
99+
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
Standard Molar Entropy
64.00 J/mol.K  
21
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
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