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Gold vs Neptunium

Gold
Neptunium
Neptunium vs Gold


Periodic Table
Symbol
Au  
Np  
Group Number
11  
7
3  
15
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440575  
31
7439998  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Pnma  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
62.00  
14
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Neptunium was the first transuranium element to be discovered.  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson  
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE  
In 1940  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
21
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
  • Currently known uses of Neptunium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  • Neptunium’s isotope neptunium-237 is used as a neutron detectors.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C  
99+
640.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C  
37
3,902.00 °C  
13
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gold  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa  
99+
622.00 MPa  
23
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa  
99+
640.00 MPa  
23
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
0.47  
99+
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
95.00 %  
2
64.00 %  
19
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Au  
Np  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
20  
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54  
2
1.36  
30
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.50  
18
1.36  
23
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.22  
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87  
15
1.36  
31
Allen Electronegativity
1.92  
7
1.36  
37
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46  
99+
2.64  
25
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
1,997.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
3,242.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
5,785.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
61,800.00 kJ/mol  
13
13th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
40
14th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
29
15th Energy Level
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
60,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
60,420.00 kJ/mol  
31
17th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
17
22nd Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
604.00 kJ/mol  
40
23rd Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
18
24th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV  
8
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
79  
37
93  
25
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Orthorhombic (ORTH)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Neptunium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79  
37
93  
25
Number of Neutrons
118  
24
144  
15
Number of Electrons
79  
37
93  
25
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
155.00 pm  
32
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm  
99+
190.00 pm  
18
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm  
99+
221.00 pm  
27
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu  
33
237.00 amu  
22
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
11.62 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Uranium
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Plutonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
96.00 (-eV)  
9
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm  
24
666.30 pm  
3
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.43  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3  
15
19.38 g/cm3  
14
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3  
16
20.25 g/cm3  
10
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
125.00 MPa  
26
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
25
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)  
4
0.11 (Pa)  
17
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
5.60 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa  
26
46.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.40  
4
0.26  
22
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32  
17
20.25  
15
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
6
Susceptibility
0.00  
22
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
1.22 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
118.60 kJ/mol  
6
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
29.46 J/mol·K  
10
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K  
3
6.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,337.00 K  
99+
913.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
13.30 µm/(m·K)  
35
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
336.00 kJ/mol  
39
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
3.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
275.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
64.00 J/mol.K  
21
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