Gold vs Neptunium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Au
Np
Group Number
11
7
Not Available
Period Number
6
7
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Actinide
CAS Number
7440575
31
7439998
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Pnma
Space Group Number
225.00
2
62.00
11
Facts
Interesting Facts
- It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
- It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
- Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
Not Available
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE
In 1940
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %
26
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
21
Not Available
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
18
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
- It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
- Currently known uses of Neptunium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- Neptunium’s isotope neptunium-237 is used as a neutron detectors.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
35
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.
30
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C
99+
640.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C
36
3,902.00 °C
13
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gold
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa
99+
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa
31
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s
99+
Not Available
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
95.00 %
2
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Au
Np
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
36
3
20
19
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54
1
1.36
29
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42
18
1.22
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87
7
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.92
5
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46
99+
2.64
25
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol
8
604.50 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol
12
1,128.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
1,997.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,242.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr
21
1.77 g/amp-hr
39
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV
4
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
79
37
93
25
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Neptunium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
79
37
93
25
Number of Neutrons
118
23
144
14
Number of Electrons
79
37
93
25
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm
32
155.00 pm
30
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm
40
190.00 pm
18
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm
39
221.00 pm
22
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu
33
237.00 amu
22
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol
99+
11.62 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)
99+
96.00 (-eV)
9
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm
21
666.30 pm
3
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61
4
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3
15
19.38 g/cm3
14
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3
6
Not Available
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa
15
125.00 MPa
14
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
23
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)
4
0.11 (Pa)
17
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa
27
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa
9
Not Available
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa
24
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.40
4
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
19.32
8
20.25
6
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m
99+
1.22 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω
3
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K
40
29.46 J/mol·K
8
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K
3
6.30 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)
26
Not Available
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol
27
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol
27
3.20 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol
25
Not Available
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K
32
Not Available
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