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Neptunium vs Copper

Neptunium
Copper
Copper vs Neptunium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Np  
Cu  
Group Number
3  
15
11  
7
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439998  
99+
7440508  
37
Space Group Name
Pnma  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
62.00  
14
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
Neptunium was the first transuranium element to be discovered.  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson  
-  
Discovery
In 1940  
In Middle East (9000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
17
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Neptunium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  • Neptunium’s isotope neptunium-237 is used as a neutron detectors.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
8
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
26.00 p.p.m.  
12
Physical
Melting Point
640.00 °C  
99+
1,084.62 °C  
40
Boiling Point
3,902.00 °C  
13
2,562.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Copper  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
3.00  
13
Brinell Hardness
622.00 MPa  
23
235.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
640.00 MPa  
23
343.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
3,810.00 m/s  
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.10  
99+
Reflectivity
64.00 %  
19
90.00 %  
4
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Np  
Cu  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.36  
30
1.90  
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.36  
23
1.98  
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.75  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.36  
31
1.49  
27
Allen Electronegativity
1.36  
37
1.85  
12
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.64  
25
2.10  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
22
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,957.90 kJ/mol  
15
3rd Energy Level
1,997.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,555.00 kJ/mol  
15
4th Energy Level
3,242.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,536.00 kJ/mol  
21
5th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
6th Energy Level
5,785.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,900.00 kJ/mol  
16
7th Energy level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
8th Energy Level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
9th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19,200.00 kJ/mol  
9
10th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
11th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25,600.00 kJ/mol  
13
12th Energy Level
61,800.00 kJ/mol  
13
35,600.00 kJ/mol  
27
13th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
40
38,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
14th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
29
42,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
15th Energy Level
60,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
46,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
60,420.00 kJ/mol  
31
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
53,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
18th Energy Level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
61,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
19th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
64,702.00 kJ/mol  
11
20th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
163,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
21st Energy Level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
17
174,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
22nd Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
40
184,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
23rd Energy Level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
18
198,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
24th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
25th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
26th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
27th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
18
28th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
24
29th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
25
30th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
4.65 eV  
16
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
93  
25
29  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2  
[Ar] 3d10 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Neptunium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
93  
25
29  
99+
Number of Neutrons
144  
15
35  
99+
Number of Electrons
93  
25
29  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
155.00 pm  
32
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm  
18
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm  
27
140.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
237.00 amu  
22
63.55 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
11.62 cm3/mol  
99+
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Uranium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Plutonium
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
96.00 (-eV)  
9
34.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
666.30 pm  
3
361.49 pm  
39
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.43  
99+
1.28  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.38 g/cm3  
14
8.96 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.25 g/cm3  
10
8.02 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa  
26
210.00 MPa  
19
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
1.53 (Pa)  
8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.11 (Pa)  
17
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa  
99+
48.00 GPa  
15
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
140.00 GPa  
12
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa  
99+
120.00 GPa  
19
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
20.25  
15
8.89  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
6
0.00 H/m  
19
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
31
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
1.22 nΩ·m  
99+
16.78 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.60 106/cm Ω  
2
Electron Affinity
118.60 kJ/mol  
6
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.38 J/(kg K)  
15
Molar Heat Capacity
29.46 J/mol·K  
10
24.44 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
6.30 W/m·K  
99+
401.00 W/m·K  
2
Critical Temperature
913.00 K  
99+
1,358.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
13.30 µm/(m·K)  
35
16.50 µm/(m·K)  
27
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
336.00 kJ/mol  
39
283.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.20 kJ/mol  
99+
7.11 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
275.30 kJ/mol  
99+
338.90 kJ/mol  
39
Standard Molar Entropy
64.00 J/mol.K  
21
33.20 J/mol.K  
99+
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