Symbol
Cu
  
No
  
Group Number
Not Available
  
Period Number
4
  
7
  
Block
d block
  
f block
  
Element Family
Transition Metal
  
Actinide
  
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
  
Not Available
  
Space Group Number
Not Available
  
Interesting Facts
- Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
- Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
- The most stable isotope of Nobelium metal is No-259.
- No-259 has a half-life of fifty-eight minutes.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals
  
Bombarding Curium-246 or Curium-249 with Carbon-12 Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown
  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
  
Discovery
In Middle East (9000 BCE)
  
In 1966
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
  
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
  
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
  
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
  
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- It is use for coinage and bullion.
- Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
- Currently known uses of Nobelium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
NA
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery
  
Research Purposes
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic
  
Unknown
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
No
  
In Blood
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3
  
8
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
37
In Bone
26.00 p.p.m.
  
12
0.00 p.p.m.
  
36
Melting Point
1,084.62 °C
  
40
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C
  
99+
Not Available
  
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Copper
  
Unknown
  
Luster
NA
  
Unknown Luster
  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
  
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
  
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s
  
19
Not Available
  
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Cu
  
No
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol
  
22
642.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,957.90 kJ/mol
  
15
1,254.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,555.00 kJ/mol
  
15
2,643.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,536.00 kJ/mol
  
12
3,956.00 kJ/mol
  
39
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol
  
11
Not Available
  
6th Energy Level
9,900.00 kJ/mol
  
10
Not Available
  
7th Energy level
13,400.00 kJ/mol
  
7
Not Available
  
8th Energy Level
16,000.00 kJ/mol
  
9
Not Available
  
9th Energy Level
19,200.00 kJ/mol
  
9
Not Available
  
10th Energy Level
22,400.00 kJ/mol
  
11
Not Available
  
11th Energy Level
25,600.00 kJ/mol
  
13
Not Available
  
12th Energy Level
35,600.00 kJ/mol
  
6
Not Available
  
13th Energy Level
38,700.00 kJ/mol
  
6
Not Available
  
14th Energy Level
42,000.00 kJ/mol
  
7
Not Available
  
15th Energy Level
46,700.00 kJ/mol
  
9
Not Available
  
16th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol
  
10
Not Available
  
17th Energy Level
53,700.00 kJ/mol
  
12
Not Available
  
18th Energy Level
61,100.00 kJ/mol
  
10
Not Available
  
19th Energy Level
64,702.00 kJ/mol
  
11
Not Available
  
20th Energy Level
163,700.00 kJ/mol
  
2
Not Available
  
21st Energy Level
174,100.00 kJ/mol
  
2
Not Available
  
22nd Energy Level
184,900.00 kJ/mol
  
1
Not Available
  
23rd Energy Level
198,800.00 kJ/mol
  
1
Not Available
  
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.19 g/amp-hr
  
99+
4.83 g/amp-hr
  
4
Electron Work Function
Not Available
  
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
  
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
  
[Rn] 5f14 7s2
  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  
Not Known
  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100
  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Nobelium.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
Not Available
  
Covalent Radius
Not Available
  
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol
  
99+
Not Available
  
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
34.00 (-eV)
  
99+
26.00 (-eV)
  
99+
Lattice Constant
Not Available
  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
NA
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.96 g/cm
3
  
99+
Not Available
  
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
  
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available
  
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
  
Young's Modulus
Not Available
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
  
Unknown
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
Not Available
  
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
  
Unknown
  
Permeability
1.256629 * 10
-6 H/m
  
5
Not Available
  
Susceptibility
-9.63 * 10
-6
  
4
Not Available
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Unknown
  
Resistivity
16.78 nΩ·m
  
99+
Not Available
  
Electrical Conductivity
0.60 10
6/cm Ω
  
2
Not Available
  
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol
  
1
Not Available
  
Specific Heat
0.38 J/(kg K)
  
15
Not Available
  
Molar Heat Capacity
24.44 J/mol·K
  
99+
Not Available
  
Thermal Conductivity
401.00 W/m·K
  
2
Not Available
  
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
16.50 µm/(m·K)
  
25
Not Available
  
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
283.70 kJ/mol
  
33
Not Available
  
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.11 kJ/mol
  
99+
Not Available
  
Enthalpy of Atomization
338.90 kJ/mol
  
29
Not Available
  
Standard Molar Entropy
33.20 J/mol.K
  
99+
Not Available