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Gold vs Zinc

Gold
Zinc
Zinc vs Gold


Periodic Table
Symbol
Au   
Zn   
Group Number
11   
7
12   
6
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440575   
31
7440666   
24
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Indian metallurgists   
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE   
Before 1000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
3 * 10-5 %   
11
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.0002 %   
10
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.02 %   
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
16
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
21
0.00 %   
10
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
18
0.00 %   
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
35
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
6
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.   
30
170.00 p.p.m.   
6
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C   
99+
419.58 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C   
36
907.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gold   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa   
99+
327.00 MPa   
32
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa   
31
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
3,850.00 m/s   
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.00   
2
Reflectivity
95.00 %   
2
80.00 %   
5
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Au   
Zn   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54   
1
1.65   
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.23   
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.66   
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87   
7
1.65   
11
Allen Electronegativity
1.92   
5
1.59   
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46   
99+
2.35   
35
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
906.40 kJ/mol   
6
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
1,733.30 kJ/mol   
27
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
3,833.00 kJ/mol   
12
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,731.00 kJ/mol   
11
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,970.00 kJ/mol   
9
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,900.00 kJ/mol   
9
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
23,000.00 kJ/mol   
10
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,990.00 kJ/mol   
11
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
40,490.00 kJ/mol   
5
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
43,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
47,300.00 kJ/mol   
8
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
52,300.00 kJ/mol   
9
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
55,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
59,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
67,300.00 kJ/mol   
10
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
171,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
179,100.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
1.22 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV   
4
4.33 eV   
17
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
79   
37
30   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
[Ar] 3d10 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79   
37
30   
99+
Number of Neutrons
118   
23
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
79   
37
30   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm   
40
122.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm   
39
139.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu   
33
65.38 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
9.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Copper
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Gallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
38.90 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm   
21
266.49 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61   
4
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3   
15
7.14 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3   
6
6.57 g/cm3   
37
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa   
15
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)   
4
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa   
27
43.00 GPa   
18
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa   
9
70.00 GPa   
19
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa   
24
108.00 GPa   
19
Poisson Ratio
0.40   
4
0.25   
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32   
8
6.90   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
59.00 nΩ·m   
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
0.17 106/cm Ω   
12
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.39 J/(kg K)   
14
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
25.47 J/mol·K   
39
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K   
3
116.00 W/m·K   
14
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
30.20 µm/(m·K)   
11
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
129.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
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