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Gold vs Zinc

Gold
Zinc
Zinc vs Gold


Periodic Table
Symbol
Au  
Zn  
Group Number
11  
7
12  
6
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440575  
31
7440666  
24
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Indian metallurgists  
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE  
Before 1000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.02 %  
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
16
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
6
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
170.00 p.p.m.  
6
Physical
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C  
99+
419.58 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C  
37
907.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gold  
Silvery Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa  
99+
327.00 MPa  
39
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa  
99+
207.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
3,850.00 m/s  
25
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
0.47  
99+
1.00  
99+
Reflectivity
95.00 %  
2
80.00 %  
7
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Au  
Zn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54  
2
1.65  
20
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.50  
18
2.23  
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.66  
8
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87  
15
1.65  
20
Allen Electronegativity
1.92  
7
1.59  
25
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46  
99+
2.35  
35
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
906.40 kJ/mol  
6
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
1,733.30 kJ/mol  
28
3rd Energy Level
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
3,833.00 kJ/mol  
12
4th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5,731.00 kJ/mol  
20
5th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
7,970.00 kJ/mol  
15
6th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
15
7th Energy level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
12,900.00 kJ/mol  
9
8th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
16,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
9th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
19,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
10th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
23,000.00 kJ/mol  
10
11th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
26,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
12th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
29,990.00 kJ/mol  
33
13th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
40,490.00 kJ/mol  
5
14th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
43,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
15th Energy Level
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
47,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
52,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
55,900.00 kJ/mol  
10
18th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
59,700.00 kJ/mol  
11
19th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
67,300.00 kJ/mol  
10
20th Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
171,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
21st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
179,100.00 kJ/mol  
1
22nd Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
906.00 kJ/mol  
9
23rd Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
906.40 kJ/mol  
37
24th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
906.40 kJ/mol  
5
25th Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
26th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
27th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
906.40 kJ/mol  
3
28th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
906.40 kJ/mol  
6
29th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
906.40 kJ/mol  
7
30th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
1.22 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV  
8
4.33 eV  
24
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
79  
37
30  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
[Ar] 3d10 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79  
37
30  
99+
Number of Neutrons
118  
24
35  
99+
Number of Electrons
79  
37
30  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm  
99+
122.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu  
33
65.38 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
9.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Copper
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Gallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
38.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm  
24
266.49 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3  
15
7.14 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3  
16
6.57 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
120.00 MPa  
27
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
7
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
25
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)  
4
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
43.00 GPa  
18
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
70.00 GPa  
20
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa  
26
108.00 GPa  
21
Poisson Ratio
0.40  
4
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32  
17
6.90  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
16
Susceptibility
0.00  
22
0.00  
6
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
59.00 nΩ·m  
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
0.17 106/cm Ω  
12
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.39 J/(kg K)  
14
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
25.47 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K  
3
116.00 W/m·K  
14
Critical Temperature
1,337.00 K  
99+
692.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
30.20 µm/(m·K)  
11
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
7.32 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
7.32 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
129.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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