Gold Zinc Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Au
Zn
Group Number
11
7
12
6
Period Number
6
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440575
31
7440666
24
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
- It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
- Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Indian metallurgists
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE
Before 1000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %
26
3 * 10-5 %
11
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0002 %
10
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.02 %
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.01 %
16
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
21
0.00 %
10
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
18
0.00 %
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
- It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
- It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
- It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
35
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3
6
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.
30
170.00 p.p.m.
6
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C
99+
419.58 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C
36
907.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gold
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa
99+
327.00 MPa
32
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa
31
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s
99+
3,850.00 m/s
18
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.00
2
Reflectivity
95.00 %
2
80.00 %
5
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Au
Zn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
36
3
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54
1
1.65
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.23
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42
18
1.66
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87
7
1.65
11
Allen Electronegativity
1.92
5
1.59
22
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46
99+
2.35
35
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol
8
906.40 kJ/mol
6
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol
12
1,733.30 kJ/mol
27
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
3,833.00 kJ/mol
12
4th Energy Level
Not Available
5,731.00 kJ/mol
11
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,970.00 kJ/mol
9
6th Energy Level
Not Available
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,900.00 kJ/mol
9
8th Energy Level
Not Available
16,800.00 kJ/mol
6
9th Energy Level
Not Available
19,600.00 kJ/mol
8
10th Energy Level
Not Available
23,000.00 kJ/mol
10
11th Energy Level
Not Available
26,400.00 kJ/mol
11
12th Energy Level
Not Available
29,990.00 kJ/mol
11
13th Energy Level
Not Available
40,490.00 kJ/mol
5
14th Energy Level
Not Available
43,800.00 kJ/mol
6
15th Energy Level
Not Available
47,300.00 kJ/mol
8
16th Energy Level
Not Available
52,300.00 kJ/mol
9
17th Energy Level
Not Available
55,900.00 kJ/mol
10
18th Energy Level
Not Available
59,700.00 kJ/mol
11
19th Energy Level
Not Available
67,300.00 kJ/mol
10
20th Energy Level
Not Available
171,200.00 kJ/mol
1
21st Energy Level
Not Available
179,100.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr
21
1.22 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV
4
4.33 eV
17
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
79
37
30
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
79
37
30
99+
Number of Neutrons
118
23
35
99+
Number of Electrons
79
37
30
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm
32
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm
40
122.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm
39
139.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu
33
65.38 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol
99+
9.20 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)
99+
38.90 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm
21
266.49 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61
4
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3
15
7.14 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3
6
6.57 g/cm3
37
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa
15
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
23
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)
4
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa
27
43.00 GPa
18
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa
9
70.00 GPa
19
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa
24
108.00 GPa
19
Poisson Ratio
0.40
4
0.25
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
19.32
8
6.90
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m
99+
59.00 nΩ·m
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω
3
0.17 106/cm Ω
12
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol
1
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.39 J/(kg K)
14
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K
40
25.47 J/mol·K
39
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K
3
116.00 W/m·K
14
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)
26
30.20 µm/(m·K)
11
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol
27
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol
27
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol
25
129.70 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K
32
41.60 J/mol.K
36
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