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Neptunium vs Niobium

Neptunium
Niobium
Niobium vs Neptunium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Np   
Nb   
Group Number
Not Available   
5   
13
Period Number
7   
5   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439998   
99+
7440031   
99+
Space Group Name
Pnma   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
62.00   
11
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available   
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons, Ores of metals   
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson   
Charles Hatchett   
Discovery
In 1940   
In 1801   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000004 %   
23
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
35
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
25
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
34
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Neptunium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  • Neptunium’s isotope neptunium-237 is used as a neutron detectors.
  
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
25
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.07 p.p.m.   
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
640.00 °C   
99+
2,468.00 °C   
6
Boiling Point
3,902.00 °C   
13
2,468.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
735.00 MPa   
14
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
870.00 MPa   
12
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,480.00 m/s   
21
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Np   
Nb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
17   
22
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.36   
29
1.60   
23
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.42   
16
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.23   
25
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.41   
31
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.64   
25
2.40   
31
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol   
99+
652.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,380.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,997.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,416.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,242.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,700.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,877.00 kJ/mol   
36
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,847.00 kJ/mol   
11
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,100.00 kJ/mol   
14
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr   
39
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.30 eV   
18
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
93   
25
41   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2   
[Kr] 4d4 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Neptunium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
93   
25
41   
99+
Number of Neutrons
144   
14
52   
99+
Number of Electrons
93   
25
41   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
155.00 pm   
30
146.00 pm   
35
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm   
18
164.00 pm   
28
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm   
22
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
237.00 amu   
22
92.91 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
11.62 cm3/mol   
99+
10.87 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Uranium
  
Zirconium
  
Next Element
Plutonium
  
Molybdenum
  
Valence Electron Potential
96.00 (-eV)   
9
104.00 (-eV)   
8
Lattice Constant
666.30 pm   
3
330.04 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.38 g/cm3   
14
8.57 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa   
14
330.00 MPa   
12
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.11 (Pa)   
17
0.00 (Pa)   
27
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
38.00 GPa   
19
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
170.00 GPa   
10
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
105.00 GPa   
20
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.40   
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
20.25   
6
8.57   
37
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
1.22 nΩ·m   
99+
152.00 nΩ·m   
23
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.07 106/cm Ω   
28
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
86.10 kJ/mol   
12
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.26 J/(kg K)   
20
Molar Heat Capacity
29.46 J/mol·K   
8
24.60 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
6.30 W/m·K   
99+
53.70 W/m·K   
29
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
7.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
696.60 kJ/mol   
4
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.20 kJ/mol   
99+
27.20 kJ/mol   
6
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
745.00 kJ/mol   
4
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
36.40 J/mol.K   
99+
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