Neptunium vs Niobium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Np
Nb
Group Number
Not Available
5
13
Period Number
7
5
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439998
99+
7440031
99+
Space Group Name
Pnma
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
62.00
11
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available
- Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
- Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
Sources
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons, Ores of metals
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson
Charles Hatchett
Discovery
In 1940
In 1801
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0000004 %
23
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
35
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
0.00 %
25
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
34
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Neptunium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- Neptunium’s isotope neptunium-237 is used as a neutron detectors.
- Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
- It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
25
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
0.07 p.p.m.
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
640.00 °C
99+
2,468.00 °C
6
Boiling Point
3,902.00 °C
13
2,468.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
735.00 MPa
14
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
870.00 MPa
12
Speed of Sound
Not Available
3,480.00 m/s
21
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Np
Nb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
20
19
17
22
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.36
29
1.60
23
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.42
16
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22
26
1.23
25
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.41
31
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.64
25
2.40
31
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol
99+
652.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,380.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,997.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,416.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,242.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,700.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
4,877.00 kJ/mol
36
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,847.00 kJ/mol
11
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,100.00 kJ/mol
14
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr
39
0.69 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
4.30 eV
18
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
93
25
41
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Neptunium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
93
25
41
99+
Number of Neutrons
144
14
52
99+
Number of Electrons
93
25
41
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
155.00 pm
30
146.00 pm
35
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm
18
164.00 pm
28
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm
22
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
237.00 amu
22
92.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
11.62 cm3/mol
99+
10.87 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
96.00 (-eV)
9
104.00 (-eV)
8
Lattice Constant
666.30 pm
3
330.04 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.38 g/cm3
14
8.57 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa
14
330.00 MPa
12
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.11 (Pa)
17
0.00 (Pa)
27
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
38.00 GPa
19
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
170.00 GPa
10
Young's Modulus
Not Available
105.00 GPa
20
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.40
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
20.25
6
8.57
37
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
1.22 nΩ·m
99+
152.00 nΩ·m
23
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.07 106/cm Ω
28
Electron Affinity
Not Available
86.10 kJ/mol
12
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.26 J/(kg K)
20
Molar Heat Capacity
29.46 J/mol·K
8
24.60 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
6.30 W/m·K
99+
53.70 W/m·K
29
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
7.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
696.60 kJ/mol
4
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.20 kJ/mol
99+
27.20 kJ/mol
6
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available
745.00 kJ/mol
4
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
36.40 J/mol.K
99+
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