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Neptunium vs Niobium

Neptunium
Niobium
Niobium vs Neptunium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Np  
Nb  
Group Number
Not Available  
5  
13
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439998  
99+
7440031  
99+
Space Group Name
Pnma  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
62.00  
11
229.00  
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available  
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons, Ores of metals  
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson  
Charles Hatchett  
Discovery
In 1940  
In 1801  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available  
2 * 10-7 %  
22
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %  
~0.0000004 %  
23
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available  
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available  
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
34
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Neptunium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  • Neptunium’s isotope neptunium-237 is used as a neutron detectors.
  
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
NA  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
25
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
0.07 p.p.m.  
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
640.00 °C  
99+
2,468.00 °C  
6
Boiling Point
3,902.00 °C  
13
2,468.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available  
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
Not Available  
735.00 MPa  
14
Vickers Hardness
Not Available  
870.00 MPa  
12
Speed of Sound
Not Available  
3,480.00 m/s  
21
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Np  
Nb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
17  
22
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.36  
29
1.60  
23
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.42  
16
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
26
1.23  
25
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.41  
31
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.64  
25
2.40  
31
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,997.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,416.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,242.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available  
4,877.00 kJ/mol  
36
6th Energy Level
Not Available  
9,847.00 kJ/mol  
11
7th Energy level
Not Available  
12,100.00 kJ/mol  
14
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr  
39
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available  
4.30 eV  
18
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
93  
25
41  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2  
[Kr] 4d4 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Neptunium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
93  
25
41  
99+
Number of Neutrons
144  
14
52  
99+
Number of Electrons
93  
25
41  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
155.00 pm  
30
146.00 pm  
35
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm  
18
164.00 pm  
28
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm  
22
200.00 pm  
28
Atomic Weight
237.00 amu  
22
92.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
11.62 cm3/mol  
99+
10.87 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Uranium
  
Zirconium
  
Next Element
Plutonium
  
Molybdenum
  
Valence Electron Potential
96.00 (-eV)  
9
104.00 (-eV)  
8
Lattice Constant
666.30 pm  
3
330.04 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.38 g/cm3  
14
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa  
14
330.00 MPa  
12
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.11 (Pa)  
17
0.00 (Pa)  
27
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available  
38.00 GPa  
19
Bulk Modulus
Not Available  
170.00 GPa  
10
Young's Modulus
Not Available  
105.00 GPa  
20
Poisson Ratio
Not Available  
0.40  
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
20.25  
6
8.57  
37
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
1.22 nΩ·m  
99+
152.00 nΩ·m  
23
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.07 106/cm Ω  
28
Electron Affinity
Not Available  
86.10 kJ/mol  
12
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
40
0.26 J/(kg K)  
20
Molar Heat Capacity
29.46 J/mol·K  
8
24.60 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
6.30 W/m·K  
99+
53.70 W/m·K  
29
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
Not Available  
7.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available  
696.60 kJ/mol  
4
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.20 kJ/mol  
99+
27.20 kJ/mol  
6
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available  
745.00 kJ/mol  
4
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available  
36.40 J/mol.K  
99+
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