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Niobium vs Curium

Niobium
Curium
Curium vs Niobium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Nb  
Cm  
Group Number
5  
13
3  
15
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440031  
99+
7440519  
36
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
  • Curium metal does not occur free in nature.
  • Curium metal is a synthetically produced metal.
  
Sources
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Bombarding Plutonium with Helium Ions  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Charles Hatchett  
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Albert Ghiorso  
Discovery
In 1801  
In 1944  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
34
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
  • Curium metal is used to provide power to electrical equipment for space missions.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
25
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.  
30
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
2,468.00 °C  
6
1,340.00 °C  
34
Boiling Point
2,468.00 °C  
99+
3,110.00 °C  
31
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
2.00  
17
Brinell Hardness
735.00 MPa  
15
320.00 MPa  
40
Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa  
19
461.00 MPa  
37
Speed of Sound
3,480.00 m/s  
31
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.30  
8
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Nb  
Cm  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
17  
22
15  
24
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.60  
24
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.42  
20
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23  
26
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.60  
22
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.41  
35
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.40  
31
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,196.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,416.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,026.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,550.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
4,877.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
9,847.00 kJ/mol  
17
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
12,100.00 kJ/mol  
14
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,690.00 kJ/mol  
37
10th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,100.00 kJ/mol  
19
13th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
691.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
40
15th Energy Level
65,200.00 kJ/mol  
35
58,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
58,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
37
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
652.00 kJ/mol  
38
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
20
22nd Energy Level
694.00 kJ/mol  
30
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
4,490.00 kJ/mol  
30
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
20
24th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
33
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
34
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
40
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
652.00 kJ/mol  
37
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.07 g/amp-hr  
19
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
41  
99+
96  
22
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d4 5s1  
[Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Curium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
41  
99+
96  
22
Number of Neutrons
52  
99+
151  
11
Number of Electrons
41  
99+
96  
22
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
146.00 pm  
37
174.00 pm  
22
Covalent Radius
164.00 pm  
30
169.00 pm  
28
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
92.91 amu  
99+
247.00 amu  
18
Atomic Volume
10.87 cm3/mol  
99+
18.28 cm3/mol  
38
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Zirconium
  
Americium
  
Next Element
Molybdenum
  
Berkelium
  
Valence Electron Potential
104.00 (-eV)  
8
44.50 (-eV)  
39
Lattice Constant
330.04 pm  
99+
336.25 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.47  
99+
1.67  
11
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
13.51 g/cm3  
26
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
13.85 g/cm3  
25
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa  
14
350.00 MPa  
12
Viscosity
0.00  
22
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
36
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
38.00 GPa  
20
32.00 GPa  
24
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa  
10
40.00 GPa  
38
Young's Modulus
105.00 GPa  
22
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.40  
4
0.35  
9
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.57  
99+
13.51  
28
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Antiferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
4
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
30
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
152.00 nΩ·m  
23
1.25 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω  
33
0.13 106/cm Ω  
19
Electron Affinity
86.10 kJ/mol  
14
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.26 J/(kg K)  
20
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
24.60 J/mol·K  
99+
27.50 J/mol·K  
21
Thermal Conductivity
53.70 W/m·K  
29
11.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,750.00 K  
7
1,340.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
7.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
696.60 kJ/mol  
5
331.60 kJ/mol  
40
Enthalpy of Fusion
27.20 kJ/mol  
6
15.00 kJ/mol  
22
Enthalpy of Atomization
745.00 kJ/mol  
4
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
36.40 J/mol.K  
99+
52.50 J/mol.K  
36
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