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Niobium vs Bohrium

Niobium
Bohrium
Bohrium vs Niobium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Nb  
Bh  
Group Number
5  
13
7  
11
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440031  
99+
54037148  
12
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
276.00  
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
  • Bohrium metal is also known as Unnilseptium (Uns) and Nielsbohrium (Ns).
  
Sources
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Charles Hatchett  
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung  
Discovery
In 1801  
In 1981  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
37
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
34
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
  • Currently known uses of Bohrium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
25
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.  
30
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
2,468.00 °C  
6
-  
Boiling Point
2,468.00 °C  
99+
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
7.00  
3
Brinell Hardness
735.00 MPa  
15
270.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa  
19
2,700.00 MPa  
4
Speed of Sound
3,480.00 m/s  
31
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.30  
8
1.50  
36
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
59.00 %  
24
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Nb  
Bh  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
17  
22
5  
32
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.60  
24
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.42  
20
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23  
26
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.60  
22
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.41  
35
2.00  
6
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.40  
31
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
742.90 kJ/mol  
23
2nd Energy Level
1,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,688.50 kJ/mol  
31
3rd Energy Level
2,416.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,566.50 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,598.90 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
4,877.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,727.80 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
9,847.00 kJ/mol  
17
5,991.70 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
12,100.00 kJ/mol  
14
7,226.80 kJ/mol  
34
8th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
33
9th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
35
11th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,200.00 kJ/mol  
25
12th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
82,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
13th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
29
14th Energy Level
691.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,200.00 kJ/mol  
17
15th Energy Level
65,200.00 kJ/mol  
35
82,000.00 kJ/mol  
14
16th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
71,100.00 kJ/mol  
20
17th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
820.00 kJ/mol  
31
18th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
37
8,200.00 kJ/mol  
20
19th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
820.80 kJ/mol  
28
20th Energy Level
652.00 kJ/mol  
38
820.00 kJ/mol  
21
21st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
8,200.00 kJ/mol  
11
22nd Energy Level
694.00 kJ/mol  
30
820.00 kJ/mol  
16
23rd Energy Level
4,490.00 kJ/mol  
30
8,200.00 kJ/mol  
8
24th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
33
820.00 kJ/mol  
12
25th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
820.00 kJ/mol  
10
26th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
34
820.00 kJ/mol  
10
27th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
820.00 kJ/mol  
9
28th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
40
820.00 kJ/mol  
15
29th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
820.00 kJ/mol  
14
30th Energy Level
652.00 kJ/mol  
37
820.00 kJ/mol  
10
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
41  
99+
107  
11
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d4 5s1  
[Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
41  
99+
107  
11
Number of Neutrons
52  
99+
155  
9
Number of Electrons
41  
99+
107  
11
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
146.00 pm  
37
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
164.00 pm  
30
141.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
92.91 amu  
99+
270.00 amu  
8
Atomic Volume
10.87 cm3/mol  
99+
23.70 cm3/mol  
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Zirconium
  
Seaborgium
  
Next Element
Molybdenum
  
Hassium
  
Valence Electron Potential
104.00 (-eV)  
8
27.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
330.04 pm  
99+
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.47  
99+
1.57  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
37.10 g/cm3  
3
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
37.10 g/cm3  
3
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa  
14
152.00 MPa  
24
Viscosity
0.00  
22
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
36
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
38.00 GPa  
20
28.00 GPa  
32
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa  
10
37.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
105.00 GPa  
22
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.40  
4
0.35  
9
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.57  
99+
37.00  
5
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
4
0.00 H/m  
11
Susceptibility
0.00  
30
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
152.00 nΩ·m  
23
6.50 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω  
33
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
86.10 kJ/mol  
14
-  
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.26 J/(kg K)  
20
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
24.60 J/mol·K  
99+
37.10 J/mol·K  
2
Thermal Conductivity
53.70 W/m·K  
29
37.00 W/m·K  
36
Critical Temperature
2,750.00 K  
7
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
7.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
14.30 µm/(m·K)  
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
696.60 kJ/mol  
5
270.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
27.20 kJ/mol  
6
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
745.00 kJ/mol  
4
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
36.40 J/mol.K  
99+
57.00 J/mol.K  
30
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