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Niobium Curium Comparison


Curium Niobium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Nb   
Cm   

Group Number
5   
13
Not Available   

Period Number
5   
7   

Block
d block   
f block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Actinide   

CAS Number
7440031   
99+
7440519   
36

Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Not Available   

Space Group Number
229.00   
1
Not Available   

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
  • Curium metal does not occur free in nature.
  • Curium metal is a synthetically produced metal.
  

Sources
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Bombarding Plutonium with Helium Ions   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Charles Hatchett   
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Albert Ghiorso   

Discovery
In 1801   
In 1944   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Not Available   

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~-9999 %   

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
35
Not Available   

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
25
Not Available   

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
34
Not Available   

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
  • Curium metal is used to provide power to electrical equipment for space missions.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Research Purposes   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Unknown   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   

In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
25
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37

In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.   
25
0.00 p.p.m.   
36

Physical Properties

Melting Point
2,468.00 °C   
6
1,340.00 °C   
34

Boiling Point
2,468.00 °C   
99+
3,110.00 °C   
30

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Gray   
Silver   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
Not Available   

Brinell Hardness
735.00 MPa   
14
Not Available   

Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa   
12
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
3,480.00 m/s   
21
Not Available   

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Nb   
Cm   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
17   
22
15   
24

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.60   
23
1.30   
32

Sanderson Electronegativity
1.42   
16
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23   
25
1.20   
27

Allen Electronegativity
1.41   
31
Not Available   

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.40   
31
2.70   
22

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol   
99+
581.00 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,380.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,196.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,416.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,026.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
3,700.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,550.00 kJ/mol   
99+

5th Energy Level
4,877.00 kJ/mol   
36
Not Available   

6th Energy Level
9,847.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   

7th Energy level
12,100.00 kJ/mol   
14
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.07 g/amp-hr   
16

Electron Work Function
4.30 eV   
18
Not Available   

Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
41   
99+
96   
22

Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d4 5s1   
[Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2   

Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   

Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Curium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
41   
99+
96   
22

Number of Neutrons
52   
99+
151   
10

Number of Electrons
41   
99+
96   
22

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
146.00 pm   
35
174.00 pm   
20

Covalent Radius
164.00 pm   
28
169.00 pm   
26

Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28

Atomic Weight
92.91 amu   
99+
247.00 amu   
18

Atomic Volume
10.87 cm3/mol   
99+
18.28 cm3/mol   
26

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Zirconium
  
Americium
  

Next Element
Molybdenum
  
Berkelium
  

Valence Electron Potential
104.00 (-eV)   
8
44.50 (-eV)   
38

Lattice Constant
330.04 pm   
99+
Not Available   

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
8.57 g/cm3   
99+
13.51 g/cm3   
25

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
13.85 g/cm3   
10

Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa   
12
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
27
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
38.00 GPa   
19
Not Available   

Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa   
10
Not Available   

Young's Modulus
105.00 GPa   
20
Not Available   

Poisson Ratio
0.40   
4
Not Available   

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Unknown   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
8.57   
37
13.51   
17

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Antiferromagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Unknown   

Resistivity
152.00 nΩ·m   
23
1.25 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
28
Not Available   

Electron Affinity
86.10 kJ/mol   
12
Not Available   

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.26 J/(kg K)   
20
Not Available   

Molar Heat Capacity
24.60 J/mol·K   
99+
Not Available   

Thermal Conductivity
53.70 W/m·K   
29
Not Available   

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
7.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Not Available   

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
696.60 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   

Enthalpy of Fusion
27.20 kJ/mol   
6
15.00 kJ/mol   
21

Enthalpy of Atomization
745.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   

Standard Molar Entropy
36.40 J/mol.K   
99+
Not Available   

Summary >>
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