Symbol
Np
Rb
Group Number
31
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
75
2
7
👆🏻
Block
f block
s block
Element Family
Actinide
Alkali
CAS Number
74399987440177
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
Pnma
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
62.00229.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
Neptunium was the first transuranium element to be discovered.
- Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
- Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
Sources
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons, Ores of metals
Obtained from Lithium Production.
History
Who Discovered
Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Discovery
In 1940
In 1861
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.01 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
-0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Neptunium metal are limited to research purpose only.
-
Neptunium’s isotope neptunium-237 is used as a neutron detectors.
- Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
- Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
Industrial Uses
-
-
Medical Uses
-
-
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-32.49 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.5.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
640.00 °C38.89 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
3,902.00 °C688.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Grayish White
Luster
Metallic
-
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.000.30
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
622.00 MPa0.22 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
640.00 MPa0.22 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s1,300.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.301.54
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
64.00 %52.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Np
Rb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
2029
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.360.82
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.360.31
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.220.89
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.360.69
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.360.71
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.643.18
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol2,633.00 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
1,997.00 kJ/mol3,860.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
3,242.00 kJ/mol5,080.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol6,850.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
5,785.00 kJ/mol8,140.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
6,040.00 kJ/mol9,570.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
6,040.00 kJ/mol13,120.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol14,500.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol26,740.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol4,030.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
61,800.00 kJ/mol4,030.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol4,030.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol4,030.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
60,600.00 kJ/mol40,300.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
60,420.00 kJ/mol40,300.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
6,040.00 kJ/mol4,030.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
6,040.00 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
6,040.00 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr3.19 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV2.16 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Number
9337
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2
[Kr] 5s1
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
9337
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
14448
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
9337
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
155.00 pm248.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm220.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm303.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
237.00 amu85.47 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
11.62 cm3/mol55.90 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
96.00 (-eV)9.47 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
666.30 pm558.50 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.431.59
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.38 g/cm31.53 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.25 g/cm31.46 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa30.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.11 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa2.50 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa2.50 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa2.40 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.260.37
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
20.251.53
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
1.22 nΩ·m128.00 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.08 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
118.60 kJ/mol46.90 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)0.36 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
29.46 J/mol·K31.06 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
6.30 W/m·K58.20 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
913.00 K2,093.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
13.30 µm/(m·K)90.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
336.00 kJ/mol69.20 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.20 kJ/mol2.19 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
275.30 kJ/mol82.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
64.00 J/mol.K76.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻