Neptunium vs Terbium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Np
Tb
Group Number
Not Available
Not Available
Period Number
7
6
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Actinide
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7439998
99+
7440279
99+
Space Group Name
Pnma
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
62.00
11
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available
- At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
- Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
Sources
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Discovery
In 1940
In 1842
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
5 * 10-8 %
27
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.00000001 %
29
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
0.00 %
40
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Neptunium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- Neptunium’s isotope neptunium-237 is used as a neutron detectors.
- Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
- Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
Industrial Uses
NA
Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
Not Available
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
640.00 °C
99+
1,356.00 °C
33
Boiling Point
3,902.00 °C
13
3,123.00 °C
29
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
677.00 MPa
17
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
863.00 MPa
13
Speed of Sound
Not Available
2,620.00 m/s
35
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Np
Tb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
20
19
26
13
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.36
29
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22
26
1.10
30
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.64
25
Not Available
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol
99+
603.40 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,174.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,997.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,417.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,242.00 kJ/mol
99+
4,203.00 kJ/mol
31
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr
39
1.98 g/amp-hr
31
Electron Work Function
Not Available
3.00 eV
36
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
93
25
65
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2
[Xe] 4f9 6s2
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Neptunium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Terbium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
93
25
65
99+
Number of Neutrons
144
14
94
36
Number of Electrons
93
25
65
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
155.00 pm
30
177.00 pm
17
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm
18
194.00 pm
16
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm
22
221.00 pm
22
Atomic Weight
237.00 amu
22
158.93 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
11.62 cm3/mol
99+
19.20 cm3/mol
22
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
96.00 (-eV)
9
46.80 (-eV)
33
Lattice Constant
666.30 pm
3
360.10 pm
36
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.58
13
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.38 g/cm3
14
8.23 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
7.65 g/cm3
30
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa
14
60.00 MPa
17
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
29
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.11 (Pa)
17
12.50 (Pa)
8
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
22.10 GPa
32
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
38.70 GPa
33
Young's Modulus
Not Available
55.70 GPa
34
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.26
21
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
20.25
6
8.23
39
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
1.22 nΩ·m
99+
1.15 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
Molar Heat Capacity
29.46 J/mol·K
8
28.91 J/mol·K
9
Thermal Conductivity
6.30 W/m·K
99+
11.10 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
10.30 µm/(m·K)
38
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
330.90 kJ/mol
26
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.20 kJ/mol
99+
10.80 kJ/mol
34
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available
314.00 kJ/mol
33
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
73.20 J/mol.K
10
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