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Plutonium vs Californium

Plutonium
Californium
Californium vs Plutonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pu   
Cf   
Group Number
0   
18
Not Available   
Period Number
7   
7   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440075   
99+
7440713   
20
Space Group Name
P121/m1   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
11.00   
13
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan   
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941   
In 1950   
Abundance
  
  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
639.50 °C   
99+
900.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C   
24
1,470.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
3.00   
12
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s   
99+
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pu   
Cf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
20   
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.28   
33
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.20   
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.72   
21
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol   
99+
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr   
22
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
94   
24
98   
20
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2   
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
94   
24
98   
20
Number of Neutrons
150   
11
153   
9
Number of Electrons
94   
24
98   
20
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm   
28
186.00 pm   
9
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm   
20
Not Available   
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu   
19
251.00 amu   
17
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neptunium
  
Berkelium
  
Next Element
Americium
  
Einsteinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)   
21
44.50 (-eV)   
38
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm   
4
338.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3   
13
15.10 g/cm3   
21
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3   
8
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
26
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)   
12
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa   
18
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa   
21
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.21   
32
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Malleable, Sectile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.84   
7
15.10   
13
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Unknown   
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m   
99+
Not Available   
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K   
3
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K   
99+
Not Available   
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)   
6
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol   
25
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol   
26
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
Not Available   
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