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Plutonium vs Livermorium

Plutonium
Livermorium
Livermorium vs Plutonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pu  
Lv  
Group Number
0  
18
16  
2
Period Number
7  
7  
Block
f block  
p block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Probably Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440075  
99+
54100719  
3
Space Group Name
P121/m1  
-  
Space Group Number
11.00  
16
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
Livermorium was first synthesized in 2000 by a joint Russian-American research team.  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory  
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941  
In 2000  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
21
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
  • Currently known uses of Livermorium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.50 p.p.m.  
22
Physical
Melting Point
639.50 °C  
99+
-  
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C  
25
3,500.00 °C  
18
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
-  
Luster
-  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
-  
Brinell Hardness
627.00 MPa  
22
350.00 MPa  
36
Vickers Hardness
617.00 MPa  
26
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
4,600.00 m/s  
21
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
68.00 %  
15
66.00 %  
17
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pu  
Lv  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
5  
32
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.28  
34
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.28  
26
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.90  
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.90  
13
Allen Electronegativity
1.28  
99+
1.90  
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.72  
21
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
723.60 kJ/mol  
28
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,331.50 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,846.30 kJ/mol  
35
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,811.20 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,078.60 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
38
8th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
34
9th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
31
10th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
30
14th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
39
1,168.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
70,900.00 kJ/mol  
26
16th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
40
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
1,085.00 kJ/mol  
23
18th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
32
19th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
1,169.70 kJ/mol  
13
20th Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
15
21st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
370.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
24th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
548.90 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
27
26th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
27th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
28th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
31
29th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
32
30th Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr  
26
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
3.88 eV  
38
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
94  
24
116  
2
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2  
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4  
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)  
Not Known  
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Livermorium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
94  
24
116  
2
Number of Neutrons
150  
12
160  
5
Number of Electrons
94  
24
116  
2
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm  
30
183.00 pm  
12
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm  
20
183.00 pm  
22
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu  
19
293.00 amu  
2
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol  
99+
22.90 cm3/mol  
16
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neptunium
  
Moscovium
  
Next Element
Americium
  
No Next Element  
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)  
21
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm  
4
362.15 pm  
36
Lattice Angles
-  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.74  
6
1.60  
22
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3  
13
12.90 g/cm3  
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3  
18
12.90 g/cm3  
30
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa  
99+
80.00 MPa  
29
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
28
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)  
12
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa  
18
28.50 GPa  
30
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
42.00 GPa  
34
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa  
23
12.50 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
33
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.84  
16
12.00  
34
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
21
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m  
99+
0.50 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.60 kJ/mol  
99+
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K  
4
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K  
99+
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
913.00 K  
99+
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)  
6
9.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol  
36
722.00 kJ/mol  
3
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol  
35
380.50 kJ/mol  
32
Standard Molar Entropy
37.10 J/mol.K  
99+
50.20 J/mol.K  
99+
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