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Plutonium vs Mercury

Plutonium
Mercury
Mercury vs Plutonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pu  
Hg  
Group Number
0  
18
12  
6
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440075  
99+
7439976  
99+
Space Group Name
P121/m1  
R_ 3m  
Space Group Number
11.00  
16
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan  
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941  
Before 2000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.09 %  
2
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.05 %  
9
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.45 p.p.m.  
23
Physical
Melting Point
639.50 °C  
99+
-38.83 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C  
25
356.58 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Liquid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
627.00 MPa  
22
5.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
617.00 MPa  
26
0.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
1.00  
99+
Reflectivity
68.00 %  
15
73.00 %  
10
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pu  
Hg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.28  
34
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.28  
26
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.44  
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.81  
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.28  
99+
1.44  
34
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.72  
21
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
21
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
39
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
16th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
40
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
24
18th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
20
20th Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
11
21st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
33
22nd Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
8
23rd Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
36
24th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
25th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
26th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
27th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
2
28th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
5
29th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
6
30th Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr  
26
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
Electron Work Function
3.88 eV  
38
4.49 eV  
20
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
94  
24
80  
36
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
94  
24
80  
36
Number of Neutrons
150  
12
121  
23
Number of Electrons
94  
24
80  
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm  
30
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm  
20
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
155.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu  
19
200.59 amu  
32
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol  
99+
14.82 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neptunium
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Americium
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)  
21
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm  
4
300.50 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.74  
6
0.42  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3  
13
13.53 g/cm3  
25
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3  
18
13.55 g/cm3  
27
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa  
99+
15.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
4
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
28
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)  
12
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa  
18
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
25.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa  
23
45.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
33
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.84  
16
13.53  
27
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
21
0.00  
20
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m  
99+
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.60 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.14 J/(kg K)  
39
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K  
4
27.98 J/mol·K  
16
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K  
99+
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
913.00 K  
99+
1,750.00 K  
33
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)  
6
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol  
36
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol  
99+
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol  
35
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
37.10 J/mol.K  
99+
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
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