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Plutonium vs Polonium

Plutonium
Polonium
Polonium vs Plutonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pu  
Po  
Group Number
0  
18
16  
2
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
p block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440075  
99+
7440086  
99+
Space Group Name
P121/m1  
Pm-3m  
Space Group Number
11.00  
16
221.00  
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan  
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941  
In 1898  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
21
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
639.50 °C  
99+
254.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C  
25
962.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
627.00 MPa  
22
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
617.00 MPa  
26
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
2.70  
3
Reflectivity
68.00 %  
15
50.00 %  
31
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-polonium  
β Allotropes
-  
β-polonium  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pu  
Po  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.28  
34
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.28  
26
2.00  
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.76  
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.48  
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.28  
99+
2.19  
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.72  
21
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,833.20 kJ/mol  
17
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,121.00 kJ/mol  
7
5th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
12
6th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
32
7th Energy level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
8th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
9th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
23
10th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
27
11th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
12th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
19
14th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
39
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
18
15th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
15
16th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
40
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
12
17th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
32
18th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
21
19th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
29
20th Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.00 kJ/mol  
22
21st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
40
22nd Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.00 kJ/mol  
17
23rd Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
13
25th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
26th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
27th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
10
28th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
16
29th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
15
30th Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.00 kJ/mol  
11
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr  
26
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
Electron Work Function
3.88 eV  
38
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
94  
24
84  
32
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)  
Monoclinic (MON)  
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100  
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
94  
24
84  
32
Number of Neutrons
150  
12
125  
20
Number of Electrons
94  
24
84  
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm  
30
168.00 pm  
25
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm  
20
140.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
197.00 pm  
36
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu  
19
209.00 amu  
28
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol  
99+
22.23 cm3/mol  
22
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neptunium
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Americium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)  
21
9.30 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm  
4
335.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.74  
6
1.46  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3  
13
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3  
18
9.40 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa  
99+
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
26
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
28
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)  
12
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa  
18
24.00 GPa  
40
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa  
23
46.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
33
0.23  
30
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.84  
16
9.32  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Nonmagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
21
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m  
99+
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.60 kJ/mol  
99+
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K  
4
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K  
99+
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
913.00 K  
99+
527.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)  
6
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol  
36
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol  
99+
13.00 kJ/mol  
32
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol  
35
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
37.10 J/mol.K  
99+
41.10 J/mol.K  
99+
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