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Plutonium vs Polonium

Plutonium
Polonium
Polonium vs Plutonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pu   
Po   
Group Number
0   
18
16   
2
Period Number
7   
6   
Block
f block   
p block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440075   
99+
7440086   
99+
Space Group Name
P121/m1   
Pm-3m   
Space Group Number
11.00   
13
221.00   
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan   
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941   
In 1898   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
639.50 °C   
99+
254.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C   
24
962.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s   
99+
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-polonium   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-polonium   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pu   
Po   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.28   
33
2.00   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.76   
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.48   
1
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.19   
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.72   
21
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol   
99+
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr   
22
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
94   
24
84   
32
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Monoclinic (MON)   
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100   
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
94   
24
84   
32
Number of Neutrons
150   
11
125   
19
Number of Electrons
94   
24
84   
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm   
28
168.00 pm   
23
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm   
20
140.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
197.00 pm   
29
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu   
19
209.00 amu   
28
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol   
99+
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neptunium
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Americium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)   
21
Not Available   
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm   
4
335.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3   
13
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3   
8
9.40 g/cm3   
19
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
26
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)   
12
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa   
18
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa   
21
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.21   
32
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.84   
7
9.32   
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Nonmagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m   
99+
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K   
3
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K   
99+
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)   
6
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol   
25
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol   
99+
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol   
26
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
Not Available   
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