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Plutonium vs Potassium

Plutonium
Potassium
Potassium vs Plutonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pu   
K   
Group Number
0   
18
1   
17
Period Number
7   
4   
Block
f block   
s block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Alkali   
CAS Number
7440075   
99+
7440097   
99+
Space Group Name
P121/m1   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
11.00   
13
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
  • In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
  • Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan   
Humphry Davy   
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941   
In 1807   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
3 * 10-4 %   
9
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0004 %   
9
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.07 %   
9
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
1.50 %   
6
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.04 %   
3
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.20 %   
2
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
  • Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
  • Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
2
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
2,100.00 p.p.m.   
3
Physical Properties
Melting Point
639.50 °C   
99+
63.65 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C   
24
774.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
0.40   
23
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
0.36 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s   
99+
2,000.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pu   
K   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
20   
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.28   
33
0.82   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.45   
31
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
0.91   
39
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.73   
23
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.73   
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.72   
21
3.18   
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol   
99+
418.80 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,052.00 kJ/mol   
5
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,420.00 kJ/mol   
8
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5,877.00 kJ/mol   
9
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,975.00 kJ/mol   
8
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,590.00 kJ/mol   
13
7th Energy level
Not Available   
11,343.00 kJ/mol   
17
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,944.00 kJ/mol   
13
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,963.70 kJ/mol   
15
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
48,610.00 kJ/mol   
3
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
54,490.00 kJ/mol   
4
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
60,730.00 kJ/mol   
4
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
68,950.00 kJ/mol   
4
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
75,900.00 kJ/mol   
5
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
83,080.00 kJ/mol   
6
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
93,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
99,710.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr   
22
1.46 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
2.30 eV   
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
94   
24
19   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2   
[Ar] 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
94   
24
19   
99+
Number of Neutrons
150   
11
20   
99+
Number of Electrons
94   
24
19   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm   
28
227.00 pm   
3
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm   
20
203.00 pm   
9
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
275.00 pm   
5
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu   
19
39.10 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol   
99+
45.46 cm3/mol   
3
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neptunium
  
Aluminium
  
Next Element
Americium
  
Calcium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)   
21
10.40 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm   
4
532.80 pm   
12
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3   
13
0.86 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3   
8
0.83 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
26
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)   
12
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa   
18
1.30 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
3.10 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa   
21
3.53 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.21   
32
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.84   
7
0.86   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m   
99+
72.00 nΩ·m   
37
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω   
14
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
48.40 kJ/mol   
22
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.75 J/(kg K)   
6
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K   
3
29.60 J/mol·K   
6
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K   
99+
102.50 W/m·K   
15
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
2,223.00 K   
3
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)   
6
83.30 µm/(m·K)   
3
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol   
25
77.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol   
99+
2.32 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol   
26
89.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
64.70 J/mol.K   
18
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